1. What influenced the Europeans to explore, especially North America?

2. Middle Ages 500-1500 Ppl very superstitious Feudal system Mapmakers
Uneducated, knew very little about the outside world
Believed in magic and witchcraft
Feudal system
France, England, Germany
Mapmakers
Draw pics of sea monsters & other creatures on the MAPS!!!

3. But time will change these ideas…..
Here there be monsters
But time will change these ideas…..

4. Crusades Roman Catholic Church popular
Religion dominates the lives of the ppl
Ppl begin to go on pilgrimages to Christian shrines and holy places
Where are a majority of these holy places?
Palestine (holy land)
Pope Urban II in 1095 called on all Christian kings and knights to go to war to recapture the holy lands.
Series of wars called the Crusades
Cont. until 1291

6. Results of Crusades
At 1st the Crusaders did gain territory but the Muslims won it back
Success
Open Europe's eyes to the rest of the world
Experienced new land/ppl
Boost trade b/w Europe and the Middle East
New knowledge (weapons, religions, etc)
Got a taste of exotic luxury goods
Fruits, spices, sugar, silks, perfumes and carpets
Italy will become huge market center

7. Renaissance Period called “rebirth” Sparked new ways of thinking
What's the meaning of life?
Valued individualism
Scientists begin to ???? the accepted teachings of Catholic Church (black plague)
Is the church telling the truth?
Very popular in Italy 1400s & 1500s
Begin to study classics of ancient Greece and Rome texts
Inspiration of artists

8. Protestant Reformation
Ppl begin turn against the Catholic church b/c
Teachings (sale of indulgences)
Corruption in the church
1517 German monk Martin Luther wrote 95 theses
Criticized church practices
Called for public debate
Hoped to bring about reforms but he started a religious revolution
Ppl who supported called Protestants

9. Catholic Counter-Reformation
period of Catholic revival
initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation
Catholic Church promised to REFORM some of their policies
Outcome:
" reconversion" of some parts of Europe particularly Spain
new religious orders like the Jesuits
greater intensity in missionary activity especially in Latin America
more printing of Catholic literature
stronger censorship of "heretical works"
Council of Trent

11. Finally…..Spanish Inquisition
Established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.
Intended to purify Spain from heretics and non believers to maintain Catholic religion in their kingdoms
Anyone suspected of doing anything the Catholic Church did not approve of was brought before a tribunal to be “questioned”

12. Outcome:
Send Jesuits to North America to Convert the Native Americans