1. Case Study #3
Rwanda

2. Outline
Geography
History
Genocide

3. Geography Grasslands Small farms Rolling hills Rugged mountains
Volcanoes
Average Temp: 22.8 °C

4. Geography Discovered in 1902 Poached for years – almost became extinct
Discovered in 1902
Poached for years – almost became extinct
Conservation efforts – now nearly 800 alive
Big tourist attraction in Rwanda

5. History Before Imperialism
Hutus: Agricultural farmers, Tutsis: Cattle farmers
Tutsis used their cattle & combat skills to gain control of Hutu land
Became a feudal relationship - Tutsis were in charge

6. History Berlin Conference (1885) World War I (WWI) Rwanda = German
It was 9 years after this conference that the first European actually traveled into Rwanda…
World War I (WWI)
League of Nations gave Belgium control of Rwanda
Created ethnic ID cards
Created conflict between Hutus and Tutsis (pro Tutsi)

7. 27:54
Social Darwinism

8. History Conflict After WWII Independence (1962)
Hutus killed 20, ,000 Tutsis
Tutsis fled to surrounding countries – became refugees
Belgium does nothing…
Independence (1962)
Hutu President
Tutsis invade from surrounding countries – 14,000 Tutsis end up being killed
Tutsis not allowed in schools anymore, not allowed certain jobs
Political opposition was banned (no democracy)
Refugee: A person who is outside their country of origin or habitual residence because they have suffered (or fear) persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or because they are a member of a persecuted 'social group' or because they are fleeing natural disaster.
Democracy: A form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives

9. Rwandan Genocide Plane Crash (1994) April - July
Hutu President is killed, Tutsis are blamed
April - July
500, million Tutsis and Hutu moderates are killed
Indoctrination (hate speech on the radio)
Tutsis respond from surrounding countries = civil war
2 million Hutu refugees
Moderates- A person who holds moderate views specifically in Politics
Indoctrination- to teach (someone) to fully accept the ideas, opinions, and beliefs of a particular group and to not consider other ideas, opinions, and beliefs

10. Rwandan Genocide United Nations
Went into Rwanda in 1993 to help end the civil war
Force Commander was Roméo Dallaire – Canada was a major contributor of peacekeepers
Peacekeepers were targeted… many nations pulled out - left with only 270 soldiers
Dallaire asked for 5,000 troops – was denied

11. Rwandan Genocide After the Genocide
Paul Kagame (Tutsi) became President
Over 5 million people displaced
UN withdrew in 1996

12. Is it correct to call the Rwandan Genocide a “genocide?”
Definition: Actions taken to destroy a group of people based on a specific characteristic of the group (i.e. race, religion, etc.)
Is it correct to call the Rwandan Genocide a “genocide?”
Why?

14. “They’re [the bones] there to remind people that sort of thing can never happen again.”
Charley Boorman, Long Way Down
Do you think genocide could happen again - in Rwanda or other parts of the world?
Why/why not?

15. About the United Nations?
“It feels very much that Rwanda was left to get on with it…like the rest of the world turned their back. What does that feel like?”
Ewan McGregor, Long Way Down
How do you think people in Rwanda felt about the international community during the genocide?
About the United Nations?

16. “He’s the only one who apologized.” – Bill Clinton
“He’s the only one who apologized.” – Bill Clinton
Do you think other world leaders should apologize for not getting involved in Rwanda? Why/why not?

17. “I was Tutsi at that time, but now I am Rwandan
“I was Tutsi at that time, but now I am Rwandan.” - Datu, Long Way Down How do you define yourself? What do you think - what effect does your defined nationality have on your behaviours?

18. Gacaca Courts 2001-2012 What are they? Why were they created ?
A traditional form of communal justice - elders resolve disputes by creating solutions that restore societal harmony
Why were they created ?
Would have taken the traditional justice system 200+ years to deal with all of the genocide-related cases
Did they work?
Over one million cases were tried and resolved

19. In your own words, what is this quote saying?
"If you don't at least speak out clearly, you are participating in the genocide. ... If you just shut up when you see what you see -- morally and ethically you can't shut up. It's a responsibility to talk."
- Philippe Gaillard, director of the Red Cross
In your own words, what is this quote saying?
What is this quote saying about the role of individuals in society? Should they intervene?
What is this quote saying about the role of government in society? Should they intervene?

20. What is this cartoon saying?
What is this quote saying about the role of government in society?
Is it important?

21. What does this graph tell us?
What is this quote saying about the role of individuals in society?
Do they have power in society?
What is this quote saying about the role of government in society?