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Chapter 1 “Beginnings of America”
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DRQ 1.1 What were some of the causes and effects of Columbus’s discovery and exploration the “New World”?
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Lecture 1.1 “The World Before 1600”
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A. The Early Americas Beringia Agricultural Revolution
Nomads migration Agricultural Revolution Nomads settle Empires of Mesoamerica Olmec, Maya, and Aztec Early Cultures of N. America Hohokam, Anasazi - desert Hopewell - mound builders Mississippians - Cahokia
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B. N.A. Cultures Before 1500 Regional Diversity
climate, geography, and resources Shared customs/traditions clans, bartering, trade, nature
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C. African Cultures Before 1500
African Trading Kingdoms Ghana, Mali, Songhai Trade changes West Africa Slave trade – CE divided families, population loss
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D. European Exploration
Middle Ages and Crusades lawlessness, new lands/peoples Magna Carta influenced U.S. Constitution Renaissance and Reformation learning rebirth/church reform Age of Exploration Marco Polo, Vasco da Gama Columbus’s Voyage Columbian Exchange Old/New World trade plants, animals, diseases native population decimated
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DRQ 1.2 Name at least three shared characteristics of Native American tribes in North America. Name at least three elements that led to distinguishing characteristics among Native American tribes in North America.
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Lecture 1.2 “European Colonies in America”
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E. European Explorers in the Americas
Spanish conquistadors “God, gold, and glory” Spain builds an empire Viceroyalties – royal provinces Encomienda System - forced labor Spanish missions in N. America missionaries – convert natives Fray (Father) Junipero Serra California missions Other nations explore England, France, Netherlands 1588 – Spanish Armada defeated
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F. The English in Virginia
1587 – Lost colony of Roanoke 1607 – Jamestown first lasting English settlement Tobacco - cash crop Pocahontas and the Powhatans Virginia grows and changes 1619 – House of Burgesses America’s first legislature Indentured servants First labor system Transition to slavery – late 1600’s
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G. The Northern Colonies
Puritans and Separatists Plymouth Colony Pilgrims - Mayflower Mayflower Compact first attempt at self-government Massachusetts Bay Colony Puritans led by John Winthrop “City upon a hill” Inspired “Great Migration” New Colonies Connecticut – Thomas Hooker Rhode Island – Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson - defied authority New Hampshire
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H. The Middle and Southern Colonies
New Netherland to New York English force Dutch surrender Diverse trading port city The Carolinas and Georgia Carolinas split over economics Georgia - criminal “buffer” colony Quakers settle Pennsylvania Penn’s “Holy Experiment” Friendly relations with natives Maryland Founded by Lord Baltimore Haven for Catholics
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DRQ 1.3 Name at least three of the early colonies and briefly describe some of their characteristics.
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Lecture 1.3 “Colonial Life”
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I. The Beginning of Self-Government
Rising tensions Mercantilism Navigation Acts Colonial self-government New England Confederation salutary neglect New England town meetings Elected assemblies in each colony
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J. The Colonial Economy Northern colonial economies
lumbering/shipbuilding port cities – commerce/trading Triangular Trade System Southern colonial economies based on agriculture small farms - crops/livestock plantations - one cash crop/slaves cash crops – tobacco, rice, indigo The impact of slavery Replaced natives/ind. servants Middle Passage – Atlantic journey Development of slave culture
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K. America’s Emerging Culture
1600’s - The Enlightenment New way of thinking John Locke - natural rights Montesquieu - separate powers Ideas influenced: Declaration of Independence Constitution The Great Awakening religious revival in 1730’s Preachers: Jonathan Edwards George Whitefield increased church membership Life in the Colonies new “American” culture develops cultural and ethnic diversity
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L. The French and Indian War
English v. French (with natives) Goal: control of N. America The course of the war Battle of Quebec Major turning point 1763 – Treaty of Paris English now control N. America Impact of the war colonial unity grew new boundaries war debt Native unrest Proclamation of 1763 west of Appalachians off-limits British control/protect colonists
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