1. Gender and Ethnicity in the Revolutionary Era
Whose Revolution
Richard Allen, Phillis Wheatley, Thayendanegea, and Mercy Otis Warren
Gender and Ethnicity in the Revolutionary Era

2. Freedom of Religion No Established church
Dissenters gain legal toleration in most states
Dissenter denominations organize
Notion of freedom of religion became part of first amendment.

3. Indians and the Revolution
Fought for Land in order to preserve freedom
British Incited Indians defeated by G. R. Clark at Kaskasia and Vincennes in 1778
John Sullivan dispatched Thayendanegea and Iroquois League in 1779
Indians moved beyond line of gringo settlement as a result of American Revolution
Matriarchal and matrilineal aspects of Amerind life replaced increasingly by patriarchal assumptions.

4. Paradox of Slavery Africans fought for freedom in order to gain land
Lord Dunmore’s proclamation; Henry Clinton’s Philipsburg Proclamation
Over 3000 African Americans resettled in Nova Scotia, with some eventually reaching Sierra Leone
Africans fought alongside of white colonials
Some northern states begin to abolish slavery
Slavery remained a core value of the United States

5. Women and the Revolution
Some women actually saw combat
Some women (Judith Sargent Murray) argued for political rights for women
Women (Mercy Otis Warren, Abigail Adams) participated in political discourse
Men confined women to the “domestic sphere.”
Middle and Upper Class White women create “Republican Motherhood”

6. Revolutionary Founders
Joseph Plumb Martin
James Cleveland
Edward Wright
Mary Perth
Harry Washington
Moses Wilkinson
James Ireland
John Leland
John “Swearing Jack” Waller
Tsi-yu gunsini “Dragging Canoe”
Han Yerry
Tyona Doxtader

7. So What?
Examining different experiences helps to construct the “meanings” of the Revolution.
Why should African Americans or Native Americans Celebrate the 4th of July?
Should anyone “celebrate” the 4th of July?