1. The WEST

2. Manifest Destiny
Many believed it was the God-given destiny of the United States to control all lands from East to West Coasts
Influenced domestic and foreign policies
Growth of US Territory:
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Florida Purchase (1819)
Annexation of Texas (1845)
Oregon Territory (1846)
Mexican Cession (1848)
Gadsden Purchase (1853)

3. Manifest Destiny

4. Reasons for Manifest Destiny
Expand democracy
Secure borders against threats from England, Spain, or Russia
Future prosperity
Pioneer spirit and individualism
Romantic view of the West

5. US - Mexican War
CAUSES
US annexed Texas in 1845; Mexico still claimed Texas
US wanted California (Manifest Destiny)
US owed money by Mexico
EFFECTS
US purchased Mexican Cession for $15 Million
US army gained tactics used in Civil War

6. Sectionalism Plantations Large slave population Low population growth
THE NORTH
Big cities and high population
Social reform
Factories
Cool climate and rivers
Fishing
Shipping and trading
THE WEST
Lightly populated
Mixture of ethnic groups
Few slaves
A lot of land and resources
Farming
Mining
Fur trapping
THE SOUTH
Plantations
Large slave population
Low population growth
Warm climate
Farming
Distinct class system

7. Irish and German Immigration
In 2000, 70% of US citizens had Irish or German heritage.
Top two immigrant groups of the mid-1800s
Germans – escaping political turmoil in Germany
Irish – famine in Ireland, over 1,000,000 died

8. 1861: A Good Country Goes To War…

9. Setting the Stage – The Civil War
Reason #1 – SLAVERY
Many attempts to try to compromise this issue:
Missouri Compromise – 1820
Compromise of 1850
Kansas-Nebraska Act – 1854
Supreme Court
Dred Scott Decision (1857)

10. Setting the Stage – The Civil War
Reason #2 – STATES’ RIGHTS
Southern states believed they had the right to nullify federal laws and secede from the United States
Reason #3 – SECTIONALISM
The North and South had grown apart in values, culture, political goals, and economic interests.

11. Setting the Stage – The Civil War
SOUTH
NORTH

12. The Leaders The south The north The Presidents The Generals
Jefferson Davis
vs.
Abraham Lincoln
The Generals
Robert E. Lee
Ulysses S. Grant

13. Lincoln Elected President November 6, 1860
Red – Lincoln
Yellow – Bell
Blue – Douglas
Green – Breckinridge
Purple – Non-Voting Territories

14. Lincoln Elected President
In the 1860 presidential race, four men ran for president – a northern Democrat, a southern Democrat, an independent, and Lincoln, a republican. Due to the choice of 4 candidates, Lincoln, carrying the votes of the populous North, won. Southerners became very fearful that the anti-slavery Republicans would try to change their way of life.

15. Excerpt, First Inaugural Address Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America
In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Government, while I shall have the most solemn one to ‘preserve, protect, and defend it.’

16. Secession of South Carolina December 20, 1860
On December 20, 1860 South Carolina formally seceded from, or left the Union.
South Carolina based this action on the basis of states’ rights, which they felt the new President, Abraham Lincoln, would violate.
Within the next six weeks, six other states voted to secede. The Confederate States of America was established.

17. South Carolina Secedes
December 20, 1860

18. Secession January & February, 1861

19. A President for the Confederacy February 9, 1861
Jefferson Davis is chosen as the President of the Confederate States of America.
He will be elected that November.

20. Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861
Located off the coast of South Carolina, Confederate forces fired on the fort, which was unable to effectively fight back. The United States surrendered Fort Sumter, Union forces left the following day.
The firing upon Fort Sumter was the opening engagement of the American Civil War.

21. Secession
April & May, 1861

22. Virginia Joins the Confederacy April 17, 1861
Virginia joins the Confederate States of America.
Richmond becomes the Capital of the Confederacy

23. Excerpt from the Inaugural Address Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America
I enter upon the duties of the office to which I have been chosen with the hope that the beginning of our career as a Confederacy may not be obstructed by hostile opposition to our enjoyment of the separate existence and independence which we have asserted, and, with the blessing of Providence, intend to maintain. Our present condition, achieved in a manner unprecedented in the history of nations, illustrates the American idea that governments rest upon the consent of the governed, and that it is the right of the people to alter or abolish governments whenever they become destructive of the ends for which they were established.

24. First Manassas (Bull Run) July 21, 1861
The first major land battle of the American Civil War, The Battle of First Manassas, also known as Bull Run, was fought just outside of Washington D.C.
After initial Union success, the Confederates counter-attacked and the disorganized Union troops withdrew to Washington D.C.
In excitement to see a “real, live, battle” citizens in the area came to watch the fight unfold. None realized what a real battle might look like. On the army’s retreat to Washington the roads were full of carriages as the viewers retreated from the horror as well.
The Battle of First Manassas made both sides realize that the war would be longer and bloodier than anticipated.

25. Significant Battles of The Civil War
FIRING ON FORT SUMTER
South Carolina Goes Rogue, Part 2
Lincoln's victory in the Election of 1860 triggered South Carolina's secession
South Carolina forces fired on Fort Sumter in April 1861
BATTLE OF ANTIETAM
September 17, 1862
Single bloodiest day of the Civil War
Strategically a Union victory

26. Significant Battles of The Civil War
BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG
Deadliest battle of the Civil War
July 1-4, 1863
Union victory
8,000 killed in three days
BATTLE OF VICKSBURG
Occurred same time as Gettysburg
Union victory and control of the Mississippi River

27. Emancipation Proclamation
President Lincoln declared slaves free through Executive Order on January 1, 1863.
The Proclamation applied in the ten states that were still in rebellion in 1863.

28. Surrender at Appomattox
Following a Union victory at the Battle of Appomattox, General Lee surrendered to General Grant on April 9, 1865
Effectively ended the Civil War

29. A Time To Reflect, A Time To Rebuild….

30. Lincoln is Assassinated
President Lincoln is assassinated by John W. Booth on April 14, 1865

31. Post War Issues Large number of freed slaves that need assistance
Bringing the rebel States back into the Union
Amendments needed to be added to the Constitution to outlaw slavery

32. Freedman’s Bureau
US Government established the Freedman’s Bureau to provide education, food, and medical care to former slaves.

33. Black Codes and the KKK
As Union troops withdrew from the South after Reconstruction, many states passed “Black Code” laws to suppress freedoms of former slaves.
A new racial terrorist group, the Ku Klux Klan, harassed many freed slaves.

34. New Constitutional Amendments
13th Amendment
ENDED
SLAVERY

35. New Constitutional Amendments
14th Amendment
Granted CITIZENSHIP
to all former slaves.

36. New Constitutional Amendments
15th Amendment
Extended the
RIGHT TO
VOTE
to all former slaves.