1. IMAGE AND INDENTITY GRAMMAR
UNIT 6
IMAGE AND INDENTITY
GRAMMAR
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS AND EACH OTHER
HAVE / GET SOMETHING DONE
DEFINING AND NN DEFINIG RELATIVE CLAUSES

2. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS EACH OTHER
WHY?
When the subject and the object are the same
What does she see?
The baby sees HERSELF in the mirror
VERB
SUBJECT
OBJECT

3. What is he doing? He is taking HIMSELF A PICTURE
The word“ selfie” is taken from the suffix SELF

4. SUBJECT PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS I MYSELF YOU YOURSELF HE HIMSELF SHE HERSELF IT ITSELF WE OURSELVES YOU YOURSELVES THEY THEMSELVES
PAY ATTENTION

5. Now is your turn Fill the gaps I wash ……………. He washes ……………..
She is looking at ……………………….. In the mirror
They are teaching ………………….. English!
MYSELF
HIMSELF
HERSELF
THEMSELVES

6. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS EACH OTHER
She is eating by HERSELF

7. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS EACH OTHER
Marge is washing HERSELF

8. EACH OTHER
It’s a reciprocal pronoun When two or more people do the same thing We sent EACH OTHER Christmas cards. = We sent them a Christmas card and they sent us a Christmas card. The dog looked at the cat and the cat looked at the dog. =The animals looked at EACH OTHER

9. They are shouting EACH OTHER
They are feeding EACH OTHER

10. Let’s check it! Hugo must be crazy! He is talking to ______________ .
You owe ____________ a break. Why don’t you two travel?
Poli is cooking ____________ some Miojo.
Bia is buying ____________ a new BMW.
Claudio usually hits ____________ when he is angry.
Bianca thinks she is really beautiful because she usually sees ____________ at the mirror for hours.
himself
yourselves
herself
herself
himself
herself

11. Reflexive or not?
Francisco is hitting ____________ because he didn’t give all the exercises.
Samuel is dancing with ____________.
HIM
HER

12. Beth is talking to ____________.
Fred is playing with ____________.
The children are enjoying ____________.
HIM
HER
THEMSELVES

13. Harold loves ____________.
But loves ____________.
HER US

14. HAVE / GET SOMETHING DONE
When another person does something for us because we ask or pay them
Dentists
Tomorrow I am going to have my teeth checked by the dentist
Mechanichs
I had my car repaired yesterday
Painters
My mother will have the room painted in two days
Designers
You can have the web page finished by 3:30
Hairdressers
She is having her hair dyed in this moment
Tatto artists
Are you going to have a tattoo done in the back?
Photographs
My sister in law will have the pictures finished in one month
Housekeeper
They had the house cleaned yesterday
It is made with
have + noun + past participle

15. This woman's at the
hairdresser's.

16. She is having her hair cut. She's getting her hair cut.
She has asked the hairdresser
to cut her hair.

17. She's at the garage (UK) / at the car repair shop (US).

18. She is having her car fixed/ repaired/mended.
She's getting her car fixed.
She has asked the mechanic to fix her car.

19. She's having her nails manicured/ done.
She's getting a manicure.
She's having her nails manicured/ done.
She's getting her nails manicured/ done.

20. He's at the ophtalmologist 's.
He's having his eyes tested by an eye specialist.
He's getting his eyes tested.

21. He's having his house built. He's getting his house built.
He's asked the builders to build his house.

22. They had their kitchen redecorated.
They got their kitchen redecorated.

23. At the hotel, you can have breakfast sent to your room.

24. At the dry cleaner's, you can have your clothes cleaned.

25. NOW, IT'S YOUR TURN She's having her hair cut.
She's getting her hair cut.
She's having her car fixed/mended/
repaired.
She's getting her car fixed.

26. She's having her nails done/ manicured.
She's getting her nails done/ manicured.
He's having his eyes tested
He's getting his eyes tested.

27. He's having his house built.
He's getting his house built.
They had their kitchen redecorated.

28. At the hotel,
You can have breakfast sent to
your room.
At the dry cleaner's,
you can have your clothes cleaned.

29. We'd just had our house fumigated.
Liz and Meg are having their hair dyed. Now someone is dying their hair
Mr. Singer always has his suits made at the tailor's shop. Someone always makes his suits there
Jake had his groceries delivered two hours ago. Someone brought them two hours ago
Diane has had her printer cartridges refilled. Someone refilled them some time in the past.
We'd just had our house fumigated.
Domeone had just fumigated it
You should have your eyes checked. Someone should cheched your eyes
Jenny will have her ears pierced. Someone will pierce her ears

30. GET can be used in more informal contexts
I usually get my hair done at Luigi's. Generalmente me peino en Luigi.
Martin got his tonsils removed yesterday. A Martin le extirparon las amígdalas ayer.
You must get this pipe fixed as soon as possible. Debes hacer arreglar este grifo o antes posible.

31. DEFINING AND NON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
WHO
WHICH
THAT
WHERE
WHEN
WHOSE

32. USES
They make reference to the person, object, idea or place we are talking about
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
THEY REFER TO ….
WHO
The boy who lives next door is Mery’s brother
People
Mery’s brother
WHICH
That book which is about the Second World War is amazing
Things/Ideas/Animals…..
The book
WHERE/ IN WHICH
Granada is a city. I grew up there
Granada is the city where/ in which I grew up
Places
Granada
WHEN
Summer is a season. We go to the beach then
Summer is the season when we go to the beach
Time
Summer
WHOSE
That is the girl. Her cat was barking yesterday
That is the girl whose dog was barking yesterday
Possession
His/her…

33. You will learn that sometimes they can be ommited
Remember:
WHO refers to people and WHICH refers to animals, things, …
“THAT” sometimes can replace WHO and WHICH (in Defining Relative Clauses ):
Did you know the girl WHO/THAT came to the party yesterday?
The book WHICH/THAT I’m reading is very interesting.
You will learn that sometimes they can be ommited
They can also go after a preposition:
- I’ve found the keys for (WHICH/THAT) I was looking. => I found the keys I was looking for.
- Who was the boy to (who) you were talking? => Who was the boy you were talking to?

34. WHEN shows Time:
- I will never forget the day + I met my best friend that day
I’ll never forget the day (WHEN/THAT) I met my best friend.
WHERE refers to Places:
-This is the hotel + We are staying at the hotel next weekend:
This is the hotel WHERE we are staying next weekend.
- The city is interesting + my sister is living in the city:
The city WHERE my sister is living is interesting.
(WHEN can also be omitted in Defining Relative Clauses).

35. - Have you met the people? + Their son is moving to Washington:
WHOSE shows Possession and it replaces a Possessive adjective or an ’s possessive:
- The man was crying + His house was on fire:
The man WHOSE house was on fire was crying.
- Have you met the people? + Their son is moving to Washington:
Have you met the people WHOSE son is moving to Washington?

36. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
They give essential information about people, things or places in the main clause
This is the CD which everyone is talking about.
We can use THAT instead of which/who
I hate people who never listen
She is living in the house where I was born
That’s the dog whose owner is a famous actor
This is the book which I gave you

37. Form
No commas in defining relative clauses. THAT can replace who or which.
She’s the woman that works with my mother.
This is the book that I told you about.
Who, which, that and when can be omitted when they are the object, e.g.
There’s the man that the police have been looking for.
Whose and where can’t be omitted.

38. NON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
They give extra information about people, things or places in the main clause . The extra information is not essential.
Robbie Williams’ Millennium, which is one of his most successful singles, was released in 1999.
They are marked by commas
We can’t use THAT instead of which/who

39. Form
In non-defining relative clauses we put a comma before and after the main clause.
. THE RELATIVE PRONOUN CANNOT BE OMITTED.
THAT can’t be used
Mark Smith, who lives next door to us, plays in a band.

40. DEFINING AND NON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
THAT
WHO
WHICH
WHERE
WHEN
WHOSE
NO COMMAS
CAN BE OMMITED
NON DEFINING
WITH COMMAS
CAN’T BE OMMITED

41. DEFINING AND NON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Compare:
-The neighbours who live next door are very friendly.
-My neighbours, who live next door, are brothers
- I enjoyed the film (which/that) you recommended.
- I enjoyed Little Miss Sunshine, which you recommended.
DEFINING
Specifing the neighbour
NON DEFINING
DEFINING
NON DEFINING

42. LET’S MAKE THESE SENTENCES
- “Peter is the student”+ “He comes from Glasgow”:
“Peter is the student WHO comes from Glasgow”.
- “The books are on the table” + “They are mine”:
“The books WHICH are on the table are mine”.
- “I’ve just met Tom” + “Tom seems to be a nice guy”: “I’ve just met Tom, WHO seems to be a nice guy”
“I’d love to visit London”+ “It is a beautiful city”:
“I’d love to visit London, WHICH is a beatiful city”
LET’S MAKE THESE SENTENCES

43. Exercise The watch is mine. You saw the watch in the drawer
The girl is my cousin. Ben talked to the girl.
The park is beautiful. The park is next to our school.
The watch which (that) you saw in the drawer is mine.
The girl whom (that) Ben talked to is my cousin.
The park which (that) is next to our school is beautiful.

44. The dictionary is useful. I bought the dictionary yesterday.
The problem is difficult to solve. We are facing the problem.
The dictionary which (that) I bought yesterday is useful.
The problem which (that) we are facing is difficult to solve.

45. A murderer is a person.
A person committed a murder.
A murderer is a person who committed a murder.
The defending lawyer made a good impression.
He spoke with great conviction.
The defending lawyer, who spoke with great conviction, made a good impression.

46. Peter Wong is leaving school. He wants to be a pilot.
Peter Wong, who wants to be a pilot, is leaving school.
Have you seen Susan? His father lives next to my mother.
Have you seen Susan, whose father next to my mother
Jacky Chan is a famous actor. Many people know him.
Jacky Chan, who many people know, is a famous actor.
The Rainbow Restaurant is in Central. The restaurant offers delicious Indian food.
The Rainbow Restaurant, which offers delicious Indian food, is in Central.
John is a very good cyclist. He cycles every day.
John, who cycles every day, is a very good cyclist.
Dr. X is an expert of adolescents. He teaches many problematic students.
Dr. X, who teaches many problematic students, is an expert of adolescents.
My mum bought a house. She lives there.
My mum bought a house where she lives.
Turn left at the corner. Miss Wong is there.
Turn left at the corner where Miss Wong is.
We want to move to a house. It has a garden.
We want to move to a house which has a garden.

47. FEELINGS

48. FEELINGS I feel RELAXED when I’m in the beach
It was RELAXING to know that I had passed all my exams
She was SURPRISED for the presents she received
It was SURPRISING to see Peter in the party
HOW DO YOU FEEL?
WHAT CAUSED THE FEELING?
HOW DO YOU FEEL?
WHAT CAUSED THE FEELING?

49. Verbs -ed adjectives - ing adjectives
You can see an –ING form or an –ED form without being a gerund or a past tense, acting as an adjective
Pete is always surprising me with presents
-ed adjectives
I was suprised by the results of the exam
- ing adjectives
The exam’s results were surprising

50. ING adjectives refer to what causes the feeling
Exams are frightening
ED adjectives refer to how you feel
I felt frightened during the exam

51. You are bored if something is boring
what causes the feeling
what causes the feeling
How you feel
How you feel
You are bored if something is boring
You are stressed if something is stressing
My job is boring, interesting, tiring, depressing…
I’m bored with my job
I’m not interested in my job
My job makes me depresssed
what causes the feeling
How you feel

52. VERB
ED edjective
ING adjective
Frighten
Bore
Relax
Surprise
Embarrass
Annoy
Excite
Worry
Shock
Interest
Frightened
Bored
Relaxed
Surprised
Embarrassed
Annoyed
Excited
Worried
Shocked
Interested
Frightening
Boring
Relaxing
Surprising
Embarrassing
Annoying
Exciting
Worrying
Shocking
Interest ing

53. Practice …

54. surprise

55. exhaust

56. bore

57. irritate

58. satisfy

59. frustrate

60. shock

61. embarrass

62. interest

63. excite

64. annoy

65. disappoint