1. Chapter Notes

2. Election of 1960 Richard Nixon (Republicans)
VP Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr
John F. Kennedy (Democrats)
VP Lyndon B. Johnson
Role of Religion
JFK a Catholic
Role of TV debates
JFK wins (close election)

3. John F. Kennedy Youngest president ever ELECTED (43)
“Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country”
Youth of America
Camelot
Young Cabinet

4. “New Frontier” Domestic Programs:
Hard time because up against Republican and Southern Democrats
Wanted many reforms,
Medical care for aged, aid education, build up urban poor and Wanted to help economy with use of deficit spending (not passed)
Did get passed:
House Rules Committee expanded
Tariff Reductions
Increased defense spending
Increased minimum wage (1.25 per hour)
Extended Unemployment insurance.
Foreign Policy:
Peace Corps
Alliance for Progress (focus on Latin America)

5. Race to the Moon
April 12, 1961 USSR cosmonaut (Yuri Gargrin) first human in space
US sees this as a challenge and does same thing less than one month later (Alan B. Shepard)
First man on the moon
July 20, 1969
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin

6. Rumblings in Europe JFK and NK met 1961
1961 Berlin Wall construction begins
“Iron Curtain”
Symbol of Cold War
Western Europe doing MUCH better, Thanks Marshall Plan!
Trade Expansion Act

8. Foreign Problems and Solutions
Change to “Flexible Response” not “massive retaliation”
Robert McNamara
Problems with this:
If we get in how do we get out?
Green Berets

10. Bay of Pigs Invasion
CIA trains Cuban exiles with goal of invading Cuba and getting people to rebel against Castro (March 1960)
JFK only learns of plan 9 days after his election (he approves it to continue)
April 17, 1961 ( Cuban exiles land on Bay of Pigs
After that nothing goes as planned (CIA reports success)
Cuban troops were ready for the US attack

11. Conclusion US was disgraced, looked like “fools” to the world
JFK was blamed
JFK negotiates with Castro for release of troops, pays ransom of $35 million in food and medical supplies
US promises to return
Aid from USSR to Cuba increases

13. Cuban Missile Crisis--stop
October 1961
Aerial photos show that USSR was putting nuclear missiles in Cuba
US does not like this, too close for comfort
US chooses to impose a naval blockade
NK says he will go past it
13 days of tension (very close to nuclear war!)
Eventually NK backs down
Deal:
USSR removes missiles
US agrees to remove missiles from Turkey and not invade Cuba
Beginnings of detente

14. Death of Kennedy
Nov 22, 1963
JFK was in Dallas, Texas for meeting with Democrat Party of Texas
Riding in an open car in downtown Dallas, parade with Gov John Connally, his wife Nellie, and Jackie Kennedy
Shot by Lee Harvey Oswald
Nation Shocked!

15. Reactions LBJ sworn in a president (Jackie was there)
Nov 24, 1963, Oswald shot by Jack Ruby (on live tv)
Not everyone believed gov’ts answer to JFK shooting
Warren Commission
Says Oswald acted alone
1979 Recommission says Oswald part of a greater conspiracy
Grassy Knoll
Cuba link
Mafia link, etc

18. Lyndon Baines Johnson Signed Civil Rights Act started by JFK
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
“Great Society”
War on Poverty

19. Election of 1964 LBJ (Democrat) vs Barry Goldwater (Rep)
Goldwater against Johnson’s programs, “extreme” conservative
Aug 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Incident and Resolution
Goldwater and Nukes
LBJ wins! So do Democrats in Congress (yay for GS programs)

20. Great Society War on Poverty increases Creation of DOT and HUD
Robert C. Weaver
Four Main areas of GS:
Education
Project Head Start
Medical Care
Medicare/Medicaid
Immigration Reform
Immigration and Nationality Act
Voting Rights
Voting Rights Act 1965
24th amendment

21. The Warren Court Chief Justice Earl Warren
Period of “liberal” court rulings: banned prayer in public schools, declared state-required loyalty oaths unconstitutional, limited the power of communities to censor books and films, said that free speech included arm bands of students protesting the Vietnam war, reapportionment, and rights of the accused.

22. Big Landmark Cases
1954 Brown vs the Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
One person one Vote:
Baker v Carr (1962)
Reynolds v Sims (1964)
Rights of the Accused:
Mapp v Ohio
Gideon v Wainwright
Escobedo v Illinois
Miranda v Arizona