1. Unit 2: Cells and Systems
Topic 1: Living Things, Structures, Functions

2. What is Biology? Biology is the study of living things.
We will be looking into what living things are and what they are made of.
Biology is tons of fun!
I appear to be a math guy, but my other superpower is Biology.
I spent 6 years studying Biology at the
U of A.

3. Galen Full Name: Aelius (Claudius) Galenus Born in the year 129AD
Died 210AD
First documented man to research the human body.
And My Hair is All Real!
Pert Plus

4. Galen Is So Cool! He was a philosopher and scientist.
When he was 16, his dad had a dream that a Greek god was telling him that Galen should study Biology instead.
Galen obeyed and gave up Philosophy. He then studied the human body for the rest of life.
He is the first documented person to research the human body.

5. Galen Is So Cool He did his research on Gladiators. (So Cool!)
He tried to heal them when they were injured in battle. Their bodies had major gashes in them so he would look inside and investigate.
Ban on human dissections meant he did his dissections on apes and pigs.

6. Galen—Discoveries and Errors
He proved that urine is made in the kidneys and not in the bladder.
He discovered that the heart has 4 valves that forced blood to move in 1 direction.
He identified 2 types of blood – bright red and dark red.
He mapped out the nervous system, but mistakenly called it “The Life Force”.
He mistakenly thought that the liver was the heater in the body because It always steamed when he did a live dissection.
He also mistakenly believed that the heart created blood so that it can deliver “the spirit” to the body.

7. How Do We Know If Something is Alive?
6 Factors of Life
All living things have all 6 of these factors.

8. The 6 Factors Of Life
1. Made of Cells

9. The 6 Factors Of Life
1. Made of Cells
2. Need Energy

10. The 6 Factors Of Life 1. Made of Cells 2. Need Energy
3. Grow and Develop

11. The 6 Factors Of Life 1. Made of Cells 2. Need Energy
3. Grow and Develop
4. Respond to the Environment.

12. The 6 Factors Of Life 1. Made of Cells 2. Need Energy
3. Grow and Develop
4. Respond to the Environment.
5. Reproduce

13. The 6 Factors Of Life 1. Made of Cells 2. Need Energy
3. Grow and Develop
4. Respond to the Environment.
5. Reproduce
6. Have Adaptations To Their Environment.
Eyes are for the Weak!

14. The 6 Factors Of Life 1. Made of Cells 2. Need Energy
3. Grow and Develop
4. Respond to the Environment.
5. Reproduce
6. Have Adaptations To Their Environment.
To Be Alive, an organism must have ALL 6.
Non-living things may have some of these 6, but not all of them.

15. Wanted Dead or Alive Living Non-Living Write These Down…
Hair Fish Bicycle Carrot Air Baseball TV Moss Mushroom Seeds
Living
Non-Living

16. Let’s Look At These Factors 1 at a Time

17. 1. Cells Basic unit of LIFE.
An organism can be made of 1 cell or 1 trillion cells.
Cells create new cells (ie. They reproduce)

18. More About Cells An organism made of only 1 cell.
Introducing….. the Amoeba.

19. Even More About Cells A Paramecium is another single celled organism.
Amoeba vs Paramecium Standoff!!!

21. ..And More Cells Even Non-living things can have cells.
For example, Cork!

22. ..And More Cells Even Non-living things can have cells.
For example, Cork!

23. ..And More Cells Even Non-living things can have cells.
For example, Cork!

24. 2. Energy Organisms obtain ENERGY from Nutrients*
Energy is used to function.
Running, eating, walking, even sleeping requires energy.
Energy is the ability to make things move or change.
Plants get energy from the sun.
Animals get energy from the environment (Your mom’s pantry)
*a substance or thing that provides nourishment and energy.

25. 3. Growth and Development
We are always growing.
We are always repairing.
Gross image coming up!

26. 3. Growth and Development
We are always growing.
We are always repairing.

27. 3. Growth and Development
We are always growing.
We are always repairing.
Some animals repair limbs (Axolotl Salamander)

28. 3. Growth and Development
We are always growing.
We are always repairing.
Some animals repair limbs (Axolotl Salamander)

29. 4. Respond To The Environment
Stimulus*
Ex) Pizza
Response**
Ex) I get hungry/salivate
*anything that causes a response in an organism.
**a reaction to a stimulus

30. 5. Reproduce Cells reproduce differently than animals do.
Cells reproduce through replication.

31. More about Reproduction
All organisms reproduce in some manner.
Cells reproduce through replication.
Some organisms reproduce by themselves. Ie. No males and females needed.
Ex) Hydra

32. 6. Adaptations to the Environment
Thoughts on this?

33. Next Topic: Structures & Functions
Structures* carry out specific Functions**
*A body part
**to function is to carry out a task

34. Next Topic: Structures & Functions
Structures* carry out specific Functions**
*A body part
**to function is to carry out a task

35. Next Topic: Structures & Functions
Darwin was an explorer and stumbled across the Galapagos Islands while on a sea voyage in the 1800s.
He discovered that different finches have different beak adaptations based on the food source on their respective island.

36. Next Topic Organs vs Organ Systems
What are organisms composed of? How are cells organized?

37. Next Topic Organs vs Organ Systems
What are organisms composed of? How are cells organized?

38. Next Topic Organs vs Organ Systems
What are organisms composed of? How are cells organized?

39. Next Topic Organs vs Organ Systems
What are organisms composed of? How are cells organized?
Organs* combine to make organ systems**
Ex. Circulatory System
*a part of an organism with a specific function (Ex. The liver, or even the skin)
**a combination of organs that perform a specific function (ex. The circulatory system)

40. Next Topic Organs vs Organ Systems
What are organisms composed of? How are cells organized?
Organs* combine to make organ systems**
Ex. Nervous System
*a part of an organism with a specific function (Ex. The liver, or even the skin)
**a combination of organs that perform a specific function (ex. The circulatory system)

41. Next Topic Organs vs Organ Systems
What are organisms composed of? How are cells organized?
Organs* combine to make organ systems**
Ex. Muscular System
*a part of an organism with a specific function (Ex. The liver, or even the skin)
**a combination of organs that perform a specific function (ex. The circulatory system)