1. BIOENERGETICS

2. What is Bioenergetics?
The study of energy in living systems (environments) and the organisms (plants and animals) that utilize them

3. Energy
Required by all organisms
May be Kinetic or Potential energy

4. Kinetic Energy
Energy of Motion
Heat and light energy are examples

5. Potential Energy Energy of position
Includes energy stored in chemical bonds

6. Two Types of Energy Reactions

7. Endergonic Reactions
Chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy.
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O O2
SUN
photons
Light
Energy
(glucose)

8. Exergonic Reactions Chemical reactions that releases energy
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O+
ATP
(glucose)
Energy

9. Metabolic Reactions of Cells

10. What is Metabolism?
The sum total of the chemical activities of all cells.

11. Two Types of Metabolism
Anabolic Pathways
Catabolic Pathways

12. Anabolic Pathway
Metabolic reactions, which consume energy (endergonic), to build complicated molecules from simpler compounds.
Photosynthesis
6CO H2O  C6H12O O2
SUN
light
energy
(glucose)

13. Catabolic Pathway
Metabolic reactions which release energy (exergonic) by breaking down complex molecules in simpler compounds
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO H2O +
ATP
(glucose)
energy

14. Copyright Cmassengale
Cellular Energy - ATP
Copyright Cmassengale

15. ATP Components: 1. adenine: nitrogenous base
2. ribose: five carbon sugar
3.phosphate group: chain of 3
adenine P
phosphate group
ribose

16. Adenosine Triphosphate
Three phosphate groups-(two with high energy bonds
Last phosphate group (PO4) contains the MOST energy

17. Breaking the Bonds of ATP
Process is called phosphorylation
Occurs continually in cells
Enzyme ATP-ase can weaken & break last PO4 bond releasing energy & free PO4

18. How does ATP work ?
Organisms use enzymes to break down energy-rich glucose to release its potential energy
This energy is trapped and stored in the form of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)

19. How Much ATP Do Cells Use?
It is estimated that each cell will generate and consume approximately 10,000,000 molecules of ATP per second

20. Coupled Reaction - ATP ATP ADP + P
The exergonic hydrolysis of ATP is coupled with the endergonic dehydration process by transferring a phosphate group to another molecule.
ATP
H2O
ADP + P
H2O

21. Hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O  ADP + P (exergonic)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Hydrolysis
(add water) P +
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

22. Hyrolysis is Exergonic
Energy Used by Cells

23. Dehydration of ATP ADP + P  ATP + H2O (endergonic)
Dehydration (Remove H2O P +
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) P
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

24. Dehydration is Endergonic
Energy is restored in Chemical Bonds