1. Energy in the Cell
Biology

2. Vocabulary: Be able to describe these words after this powerpoint.
ATP
ADP
NADPH
NADP+

3. ATP All cells need __________for life.
ENERGY
All cells need __________for life.
Some things we use energy for are:
Moving
Thinking
Sleeping
Breathing
Growing
Reproducing

4. The main chemical compound used by living things to store energy is: Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).
Labeled Sketch:
Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups

5. Energy Storage/ Energy Release
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Energy
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Partially
charged
battery
Fully
charged
battery
Energy can be stored by adding a phosphate group to ADP, creating ATP, through a process called phosphorylation.
Breaking the phosphate chemical bond in ATP releases energy, changing the ATP back into ADP. Energy is released when the bond is BROKEN!

6. Energy is released when the bond is broken between the phosphate groups!

7. ATP vs. Glucose
ATP is used for active transport (through the membrane), movement of cell organelles and other basic functions (i.e. cell division)
Glucose: sugar molecule that stores 90 times more energy than ATP. Glucose is used to regenerate ATP.

8. Why do we use ATP? Why not just get energy from sugar directly?
ATP is small units of energy. Sugar is a very high energy molecule (if you burn it all at once…spontaneous combustion!)

9. Comparison of burning a marshmallow at a campfire vs in your body.
When sugar burned in fire:
Both have in common (Similarities)
When sugar burned in body
Energy is released quickly as heat and light
-Glucose and oxygen are reactants.
-Carbon dioxide and water are products.
-Both release energy.
Energy is stored in small ATP molecules for slow use

10. Analogy: Power lines= sugar = tons of energy
Wall socket = ATP = smaller units of energy
*You wouldn’t charge your phone by connecting it to big power line, would you?!?!

11. What is NADPH / NADP+ ?
NADPH is a co-enzyme that is an electron carrier.
It exists in two forms:
1) NADPH has the electron
2) NADP+ lacks the electron
Briefly introduce, but DON’t Hold accountable! NGSS
NADPH is like a minion that carries and delivers electrons.

12. The light reaction creates ATP and NADPH
The light reaction creates ATP and NADPH. Which process uses the ATP and NADPH?

13. Answer these questions in your notebook.
1) How is the energy released from an ATP molecule?
2) Why does our body use ATP; why can’t it just use glucose?
3) What is the role of NADPH in photosynthesis?
4) Which reaction of photosynthesis creates ATP and NADPH?
5) Which process of photosynthesis uses ATP and NADPH?

14. STOP HERE.