1. Automation Engineering
Unit-I

2. History Industrial revolution: Substitute machines for human effort.
Mechanization
Automation
Automation decreased need for physical labour besides reducing the requirement of decision making on part of the attendant.

3. Mechanization Use of machines
Replace manual labour of animals or humans.
Based on principles of
specialization of tasks
Adherence to specificity
Power, compactness and speed of machine operation.

4. When Does Mechanization Work?
Straight forward task to perform
Stable environment to ensure that the products produced will be appropriate ones
Produce exactly the same product again
Precision is at a premium

5. PRINCIPLES OF AUTOMATION
Mechanization
Continuous process
Automatic control
Rationalization

6. What is automation It is a technology dealing with the application of
mechatronics
computers
for production of goods and services.
Automation is broadly classified into
manufacturing automation
service automation

7. Automation-contd..
Automation has been defined as “Any development that may cause employee displacement”
Automation may:
Wipe out certain jobs
Reduce contents of certain jobs
Combining several jobs into one.

8. EXAMPLES OF AUTOMATION
Automatic machine tools to process parts- CNC m/c
Industrial robots
Automatic material handling
Feedback control systems

9. Types of automation Fixed automation Programmable automation
Flexible automation

10. Fixed automation
Fixed automation refers to the use of custom-engineered (special purpose) equipment to automate a fixed sequence of processing or assembly operations.
This is also called hard automation.
The primary drawbacks are the large initial investment in equipment and the relative inflexibility.

11. Programmable automation
In programmable automation, the equipment is designed to accommodate a specific class of product changes and the processing or assembly operations can be changed by modifying the control program
Suited to batch production

12. Programmable automation contd.
In programmable automation, reconfiguring the system for a new product is time consuming because it involves reprogramming and set up for the machines, and new fixtures and tools.

13. Flexible automation
In flexible automation, the equipment is designed to manufacture a variety of products or parts and very little time is spent on changing from one product to another.
a flexible manufacturing system can be used to manufacture various combinations of products according to any specified schedule.
Customization

14. Source: www.seas.upenn.edu

15. Source: www.seas.upenn.edu

16. Reasons for automation
Shortage of labor
High cost of labor
Increased productivity
Competition
Safety
Reducing manufacturing lead time
Lower costs in the long run