1. Conjoined Twins
Most of conjoined twins occurred as a result of certain defects occurred during separation of the cell-stage of first cleavage of monozygotic twins.

2. Conjoined Twins

3. Bilateral cleft lip

4. Abnormal Monsters (Conjugated Twins)

5. Abnormal Monsters (Conjugated Twins)

9. Normal values of semen variables
Standard tests
2.0 ml or more
volume pH
20x106 spermatozoa/ml or more
sperm concentration
40x106spermatozoa per ejaculate or more
total sperm count
50% or more with forward progression(categories a and b)or 25% or more with rapid progression(category a)within 60 minutes of ejaculation
motility
30% or more with normal forms
morphology
75% or more live,i.e.,excluding dye
vitality
fewer than 1x106/ml
white blood cells
fewer than 20% spermatozoa with adherent particles
immunobead test
fewer than 10% spermatozoa with adherent particles
MAR test
Optional tests
20 mU or more per ejaculate
a -Glucosidase(neutral)
2.4 m -mol or more per ejaculate
zinc(total)
52 m -mol or more per ejaculate
citric acid(total)
200 U or more per ejaculate
acid phosphatase(total)
13 m -mol or more per ejaculate
fructose(total)

10. Pattern of Sperm abnormalities:
Oligospermia : Sperm concentration less than 20
million/ ml.
Asthenozoospermia : fewer than 50% spermatozoa .
Teratozoospermia: Fewer than 30% spermatozoa
with normal morphology.
Azoospermia : No spermatozoa in the ejaculate.
Aspermia : No ejaculate.