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Introduction to Dermatology

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Presentation on theme: "Introduction to Dermatology"— Presentation transcript:

1 Introduction to Dermatology
Dr.duaa salem alrehaili

2 What Is Dermatology? Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin and its diseases. It is a unique specialty with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist takes care of a variety of diseases, in the widest sense, variety of patients.

3 Relation to General Medicine
A good dermatologist should be a good physician.

4 We are sharing a Dentist

5 Sharing Gynechologist,

6 Industry and dermatology

7 Onchology,

8 Peadiatric Dermatology

9 Dermatopathology

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11 Hair and Nail Diseases

12 Surgical Dermatology

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14 Laser And Dermatology

15 Sexual Transmitted Diseases

16 Cosmetic Dermatology,

17 Adrology, Andrology is not a part of Dermatology.

18 Dermatology Approach

19 The Dermatological diagnosis
Taking history of a skin disorder is usually less prolonged affair than in general medicine. In practice many dermatologist will take a history after assess the problem or even after examination

20 History General Questions: Duration? Behavior? (Relapse and remit)
How did it start? Is it anywhere else? Travelling? Details Symptoms: Itching? Painful?

21 Associated Symptoms Past History of skin and Related disorders Family History Drug history Occupation Social history

22 Examination The Primary Lesions:
Primary lesions are physical changes in the skin considered to be caused directly by the disease process. Types of primary lesions are rarely specific to a single disease entity. The Secondary Lesions: Secondary lesions may evolve from primary lesions, or may be caused by external forces such as scratching, trauma, infection, or the healing process.

23 Primary Skin Lesions Macule
A macule is flat area of skin discoloration which is less than 0.5 cm in diameter

24 Papule Palpable elevation of the skin less than 0.5 cm

25 Nodule A circumscribe palpable mass, lump larger than 1 cm

26 Patch A flat lesion greater than 0.5 cm in diameter

27 Plaque A slightly raised lesion greater than 0.5 cm in diameter

28 Vesicle It is a raised lesion less than 0.5 cm in diameter containing clear fluid

29 Bulla (blister) It is a vesicle that is greater than 0.5 cm in diameter

30 Pustule It is a raised lesion less than 0.5 diameter containing yellow fluid

31 Wheal It is a transient, itchy, pink swelling of the skin

32 Secondary Skin Lesions
Crust It is a dried exudate, which may have been serous, purulent or hemorrhagic.

33 Excoriation A secondary, superficial ulceration due to scratching

34 Lichenification A flat topped thickening of the skin due to chronic scratching

35 Scar It is a white, smooth, firm, shiny lesion.

36 Scaling A scale is a flat plate or flake due to aggregation of shed epidermal cells.

37 Atrophy Thinning and transparency of the skin is caused by diminution of the epidermis.

38 Erosion A partial break in the epidermis

39 Ulcer It is a full thickness loss of the epidermis that heals with scaring.

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46 Questions?

47 Clinical Manifestation
Classical plaque psoriasis

48 Scalp Psoriasis

49 Nail Psoriais

50 Psoriatic Arthritis Arthritis occurs in 10-25% of patients.

51 Psoriasis of palms and soles

52 Erythrodermic Psoriasis

53 Oral Lichen Planus

54 Seborrheic Dermatitis
A very common dermatosis charactrized by redness, scaling in sebaceous gland area. Role of Malassezia yeasts.

55 Clinical Features The hallmark of impetigo is superficial lesion covered with a heavy honey colored crust. It may be associated with acute glomerulonephritis.

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57 Erysipelas A cutaneous streptococcal infection characterized by sharply demarcated lesions, commonly in face. The organism gains entry through minor abrasion.

58 Cellulitis Usually due to Streptococci, but with deeper involvement.
The organism enter through abrasion or pre-existing dermatological condition such as leg ulcer.

59 Clinical features of Type 1
The characteristic picture of primary herpes is a fine vesicles that rupture to form erosions in lips, face, with fever.

60 The cornea could be involved

61 Type 2 Usually due to sexual transmission

62 Herpes simplex and erythema multiforme

63 Clinicherpes zoster

64 Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

65 In adult (Candidal intertrigo)

66 Oral Candidosis

67 Systemic candidosis

68 Clinical features

69 Tinea Corporis It infects mostly the trunk, itchy,

70 Tinea Cruris

71 Tinea pedis Mostly in young adult, showers, swimming pools

72 Kerion Inflammatory reaction to the fungi, boggy appearance
Associated with fever, pain, scarring alopecia

73 Tinea Unguium (onychomycosis)

74 Acne 1- describe Coexisting open and closed comedones,
Papules, pustules, and nodular lesions Lesion are located primarily on face, neck, and upper trunk Diagnosis: acne

75 Acanthosis negricans The flexsor surfaces of the neck, axillae, and groin are the main affected sites Nearly 75% of obese \ patients develop this lesion. There is a strong association with insulin resistance. Weight loss is the primary interventions required. This lesion is associated with malignancy

76 Thank u


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