1. Basic Structure of a Cell

2. Organelles

3. Organelles Very small (Microscopic)
Perform various functions for a cell
Found in the cytoplasm
May or may not be membrane-bound.

4. What is Membrane-Bound?
Some organelles such as cilia, centrioles, and ribosomes are not isolated from the cytoplasm of the cell. "Membrane bound" organelles are completely surrounded by a plasma membrane, or even a double membrane. These organelles allow different sets of chemical reactions to be separated from each other so that they do not interfere.

5. Animal Cell Organelles
Ribosome (attached)
Nucleolus
Ribosome (free)
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Nuclear envelope
Mitochondrion
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Centrioles
Golgi apparatus

6. Plant Cell Organelles

7. Cell or Plasma Membrane
Composed of double layer of phospholipids and proteins
Surrounds outside of ALL cells
Controls what enters or leaves the cell
Outside
of cell
Inside
(cytoplasm)
Cell
membrane
Proteins
Protein
channel
Lipid bilayer
Carbohydrate
chains

8. Cell Membrane in Plants
Lies immediately against the cell wall in plant cells
Pushes out against the cell wall to maintain cell shape

9. Cell Wall Supports and protects cell
Found outside of the cell membrane

10. Cell Wall Made of cellulose in plants
Made of peptidoglycan in bacteria
Made of chitin in Fungi

11. Cytoplasm of a Cell Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane
Hold organelles in place
In ALL cells

12. Nucleus Controls the normal activities of the cell
Contains the DNA in chromosomes
Surrounded by a nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores

13. Nuclear Envelope Double membrane surrounding nucleus
Also called nuclear membrane
Contains nuclear pores for materials to enter & leave nucleus
Connected to the rough ER
Nuclear pores

14. Inside the Nucleus - The genetic material (DNA) is found
DNA is condensed & wrapped around proteins forming
as CHROMOSOMES in dividing cells
DNA is spread out
And appears as CHROMATIN in non-dividing cells

15. Nucleolus
Inside nucleus
Makes ribosomes that make proteins

16. Cytoskeleton Helps cell maintain cell shape
Also help move organelles around
Made of microfilaments and microtubules
MICROTUBULES
MICROFILAMENTS

17. Centrioles Found only in animal cells Paired structures near nucleus
Made of bundle of microtubules
Appear during cell division (mitosis)
Help to pull chromosome pairs apart to opposite ends of the cell

18. Centrioles & the Mitotic Spindle
Made of MICROTUBULES

19. Mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria)
“Powerhouse” of the cell
Generate cellular energy (ATP)
More active cells like muscle cells have MORE mitochondria
Both plants & animal cells have mitochondria
Site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION (burning glucose)

20. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
Has ribosomes on its surface
Makes membrane proteins and proteins for transport out of the cell

21. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes on its surface
Is attached to the ends of rough ER
Makes lipids

22.  Ribosomes Made of PROTEINS and rRNA “Protein factories” for cell
Join amino acids to make proteins
Process called protein synthesis 

23. Can be attached to Rough ER Be free (unattached) in the cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Can be attached to Rough ER OR
Be free (unattached) in the cytoplasm

24. Golgi Bodies Stacks of flattened sacs
Modify, sort, & package molecules from ER for storage OR transport out of cell
Transport vesicle

25. Copyright Pearson Publishers
Golgi Animation
Copyright Pearson Publishers

26. Golgi Animation
Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the cell membrane by VESICLES

27. Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes
Break down food, bacteria, and worn out cell parts for cells

28. Cilia & Flagella Cilia are shorter and more numerous on cells
Flagella are longer and fewer (usually 1-3) on cells
Both are made of Microtubules

29. Cell Movement with Cilia & Flagella

30. Pseudopodia
Pseudopodia are temporary cytoplasm filled parts of the cell wall that are used by amoeba to move around or surround their prey to eat.

31. Vacuoles Fluid filled sacks for storage
Small or absent in animal cells
Plant cells have a large Central Vacuole
No vacuoles in bacterial cells

32. Contractile Vacuole Found in unicellular protists like paramecia
Regulate water intake by pumping out excess (homeostasis)
Keeps the cell from lysing (bursting)
Contractile vacuole animation

33. Chloroplasts Found only in producers
Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose)
Photosynthesis