1. Chapter 21 Lesson 2
Journal Question: Theo is in a car accident and is taken to the emergency room (ER). He tells the ER doctor that he has coronary heart disease and is taking medications to control his condition. The ER doctor notices that Theo has a large contusion on his leg and is bleeding profusely from his right arm. What does the doctor have to consider now that he has a better understanding of Theo’s medical history?

2. Chapter Goals (cont’d)
Differentiate among the various classes of drugs and learn their primary actions and side effects.
Define medical terms using combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes that relate to pharmacology.
Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records.

3. Classes of Drugs Analgesics Anesthetics Antibiotics and Antivirals
Anticoagulants
Anticonvulsants
Antidepressants
Antidiabetics
Antihistamines
Antiosteoporosis
Cardiovascular
Endocrine
Gastrointestinal
Respiratory
Sedatives and Hypnotics
Stimulants
Tranquilizers
Students can look up all the examples of these drugs and be given assignments to report back to class.
What are the different types of analgesics, and how do they compare in potency, action, etc.?

4. Cardiovascular Drugs Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
Antiarrhythmics
Beta-blockers
Calcium antagonists or calcium channel blockers
Cholesterol-lowering drugs
Diuretics
These are the classes of cardiovascular drugs. There are complex mechanisms for making the heart work better. These mechanisms are based on principles regulating blood pressure, and the biophysics of the electrical properties of the heart muscle, which is innervated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Know some examples of each class of cardiac drugs and their actions on the heart.
Ask students how cardiovascular drugs differ in their action on the heart.

5. Endocrine Drugs Androgens Antiandrogens Estrogens Antiestrogen
Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
Progestins
Thyroid hormone
Glucocorticoids
Here is an expanded list of the endocrine class of drug therapy. This class is important because of our aging population and many of these drugs (e.g., tamoxifen) are used to treat not only symptoms of aging (menopause), but also degenerative diseases such as cancers that arise from the reproductive organs.
Students can be asked to give examples of endocrine drugs.

6. Gastrointestinal Drugs
Antacids
Antiulcer (e.g., histamine receptor blockers)
Antidiarrheal
Cathartics (laxatives or purgatives)
Antinauseants (antiemetics)
There are many mechanisms of action in this classification. Know some examples and the mechanisms.
It is also important to know whether the drug relieves the symptom or the cause. For example, where in a series of events leading to increased stomach acid does the drug work?
Ask students to provide examples of drugs that relieve symptoms and drugs that affect the cause of a disease.

7. Combining Forms and Terminology
Combining Form Meaning
aer/o air
alges/o sensitivity to pain
bronch/o bronchial tube
chem/o drug
cras/o mixture
cutane/o skin
derm/o skin
erg/o work

8. Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning
esthes/o feeling, sensation
hist/o tissue
hypn/o sleep
iatr/o treatment
lingu/o tongue
myc/o mold, fungus
narc/o stupor
or/o mouth

9. Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning
pharmac/o drug
prurit/o itching
pyret/o fever
thec/o sheath (of brain and spinal cord)
tox/o poison
toxic/o poison
vas/o vessel
ven/o vein
vit/o life

10. Prefixes and Terminology
Prefix Meaning
ana- upward, excessive
anti- against
contra- against, opposite
par- other than, apart
syn- together, with

11. QUICK QUIZ: Which term means prevents nausea and vomiting? antibiotic
anticoagulant
antiplatlet
antiemetic
Correct answer is D: antiemetic.

12. QUICK QUIZ: Which term means prevents nausea and vomiting? antibiotic
anticoagulant
antiplatlet
antiemetic
Correct answer is D: antiemetic.