1. Unit V: Assisting with Basic Needs Hygiene Chapter 17
Bethann Davis , MSN, NP
Quincy College PN Program
Fall 2015
PNU-145

2. Outline The Integumentary System Hygiene Practices
Visual & Hearing Devices
Nursing Implications

3. Learning Objectives Define hygiene.
Name five hygiene practices that most people perform regularly.
Give two reasons why a partial bath is more appropriate than a daily bath for older adults.
List at least three advantages of towel or bag baths.
Name two situations in which shaving with a safety razor is contraindicated.

4. Learning Objectives Name three items recommended for oral hygiene.
Identify two methods to prevent the chief hazard when providing oral hygiene to an unconscious client.
Describe two techniques for preventing damage to dentures during cleaning.
Describe two methods for removing hair tangles.

5. Learning Objectives
Name two types of clients for whom nail care is provided with extreme caution.
Name four visual and hearing devices.
List two alternatives for clients who cannot insert or care for their own contact lenses.
Discuss four reasons for sound disturbances experienced by people who wear hearing aids.
Describe an infrared listening device. 

6. Key Terms Bag bath Periodontal Disease Hygiene Bed bath Integument
Bridge
Caries
Cuticles
Dentures
Gingivitis
Hygiene
Integument
Opthalmologist
Optometrist
Oral Hygiene
Partial Bath
Perineal Care
Periodontal Disease
Plaque
Podiatrist
Sordes
Tartar
Towel Bath

7. Hygiene
Hygiene: practices that promote health through personal cleanliness
Activities that foster hygiene
Bathing; cleaning and maintaining fingernails and toenails
Performing oral care
Shampooing and grooming hair
Maintaining hearing aids and eyeglasses

8. Integumentary System Components
Skin
Mucous membrane
Hair
Fingernails, toenails
Teeth

9. Skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous layer

10. Cross-Section of the Skin

11. Mucous Membrane
Line body passages such as the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems
Mucous membrane also lines the conjunctiva of the eye
Goblet cells in the mucous membranes secrete mucus, a slimy substance that keeps the membranes soft and moist

12. Hair
Made up of keratin
Forms from cells at the base of a single follicle
Helps to prevent heat loss
Sebaceous glands in the hair follicles release sebum, an oily secretion

13. Nails
Fingernails and toenails are made of keratin, which in concentrated amounts gives them their tough texture
Normal nails are thin, pink, and smooth
Fingernails and toenails provide some protection to the digits

14. Teeth Present beneath the gums at birth
Contain the outer covering, enamel, a keratin structure
Exposed portion of each tooth: crown
Portion within the gum: root
Adults: 28 to 32 permanent teeth
Saliva: keeps the teeth clean and inhibits bacterial growth

15. Common Dental Problems
Sugar, plaque, and bacteria may eventually erode the tooth enamel, causing caries
Tartar leads to gingivitis while gum inflammation may cause periodontal disease

16. Bathing
Uses a cleansing agent such as soap and water to remove sweat, oil, dirt, and microorganisms from the skin
Advantages of bathing
Eliminates body odor; reduces the potential for infection
Stimulates circulation; provides a refreshed and relaxed feeling; improves self-image

17. Types of Bathing
Partial bathing
Bed bath
Towel bath
Bag bath

18. Advantages of Bed Bath

19. Shaving Removes unwanted body hair
Accomplished with an electric or a safety razor
The use of safety razor may not be possible in the following situations:
If the client has a face injury
If the client cannot shave

20. Shaving a Client’s Face

21. Oral Hygiene Brushing and flossing the teeth
Dentures and bridges require special cleaning and care
Oral hygiene in unconscious clients
Prevents aspiration of oral hygiene products and water

22. Hair Care Apply a conditioner to loosen tangles
Use oil on the hair if it is dry
Braid the hair to help prevent tangles
Brush the hair slowly to increase circulation of sebum
Use a wide-toothed comb, combing from end to crown
Use shampoo to clean hair

23. Nail Care Keeping the fingernails and toenails clean and trimmed
Nail care should be provided with extreme caution for the following clients:
Clients with diabetes
Clients with impaired circulation
Client with thick nails

24. Visual and Hearing Devices
Eyeglasses and hearing aids improve communication and socialization
Eyeglasses
Contact lenses
Artificial eyes
Hearing aids
Infrared listening devices

25. Types of Contact Lenses

26. Examples of Hearing Aids
In the ear
Behind the ear
Remote controlled
(Refer to Figure in the textbook.)

27. General Gerontologic Considerations
Poor hygiene and grooming in older adults: signs of visual impairments, functional changes, dementia, depression, abuse, or neglect
Older adults do not need to bathe as frequently as younger adults
Use mild, superfatted, nonperfumed soap
Oils are not used in showers or bathtubs due to increased risk for falls

28. General Gerontologic Considerations
For older adults with limited range of motion or mobility, provide:
Long-handled bath sponges or hand-held shower attachments
Nonskid strips on the floor of bathtubs
Showers with strategically placed handles and grab bars; a tub/shower seat

29. General Gerontologic Considerations
Due to increased susceptibility to dry skin, tears and scratches:
Avoid skin care products containing alcohol, perfumes that aggravate dry skin
Nails: keep trimmed and smooth
Feet: regularly inspect condition
Modify clothing to promote independence
Tooth loss: periodontal disease