1. US History
Review

2. First Americans came from Asia
Supposedly crossed the Bering Strait during the Ice Age

3. 3 Reasons for Travel
Political: Become a world power through gaining wealth and land. (GLORY)
Economic: Search for new trade routes with direct access to Asian/African luxury goods would enrich individuals and their nations (GOLD)
Religious: spread Christianity and weaken Middle Eastern Muslims. (GOD)

4. European Colonization
the Big 4 four
Spain
Dutch
France
Portugal

5. European Colonization
The Portuguese
Colonized the South America in the area of what would become Brazil

6. The
Spanish
Started in Caribbean, then Central and South America—most important was conquest of Aztecs by Cortez (1521) and Incas by Pizzaro (1531)

7. The French
French settle Quebec (1608) & Montreal (1642) and what would become Canada
Develop a fur trade

9. Christopher Columbus: The man behind the myth

10. North America: Colonial Governments and Imperial Policy10

11. The French in North America
Weak empire
Not much interest
Only want Trade
Few colonists
Catholic
Samuel de Champlain
1607 Quebec
Indian alliances
Hurons

12. Indians and Empires (Beaver Wars)
French trade alliances with the Hurons
Hurons supplied beaver pelts and skins/furs to the French
Dutch and British moved into New York region, seeking trade with Indians
Iroquois Confederacy and Hurons were previous competitors
Iroquois moved into fur trade, conflicted with Hurons
Disease and war killed most Hurons, Iroquois took over much fur trade
Dutch and British competed over fur trade with Iroquois

13. The French and the Mississippi River
The experience with the Hurons taught French not to rely too much on one Native group
Also needed to expand for political purposes
Explored down the Mississippi River in late 1600s
Trade alliances with Illinois, Shawnees, Quapaws
Uneasy peace with the Iroquois
Thin but large French trading empire

14. Founding of New England
WHY? Because of growing concern about the size of the French trading empire
British colonization of New England grew out of political and religious problems in England rather than the search for colonies to produce wealth for the Crown (Spain)

15. British Colonial Trade
The Triangular Trade Route 15

16. British Religious Politics
King James (of King James Bible fame) wanted to purge England of radical Protestants known as Puritians who attacked the Anglican Church
Puritans mainly followed ideas of John Calvin, and sought a “purer” version of Christianity, uncorrupted by the money and politics of the Anglican Church
Separatists formed out of Puritan groups and decided the Church was too corrupt to reform, so they left to the colonies…

17. Plymouth Colony 1620’s -New England, Mass
-Puritans split from Anglican Church
-Separatists thought Church was corrupt and left Europe
-Pilgrims specific group to land in Plymouth, MA to establish a colony of “true believers”
-John Winthrop, “A City Upon a Hill”

18. The Dominion of New England, 1688
English colonists exercised a considerable degree of political autonomy.
Most political structures allowed free white men with property an active voice in local affairs.
The King wanted to assert more control over the independent assemblies and enforce economic restrictions.
James II 18

19. The Dominion of New England, 1688
In 1686, the colonial charters of New England, New York, and New Jersey were revoked and the region was politically consolidated as the Dominion of New England.
The colonists were deprived of their ability to govern themselves, levy taxes, and control religious expression.
The colonists were subject to the autocratic rule of Sir Edmund Andros for two years.
Sir Edmund Andros 19

20. The Glorious Revolution in America, 1689
In 1688, leading English members of Parliament opposed James II for trying to reestablish absolute monarchy and promote Catholicism.
They arranged for William of Orange to invade England and restore their liberties. King James fled England.
This bloodless coup transformed England into a constitutional monarchy.
William of Orange and his wife Mary became joint rulers after accepting the English Bill of Rights. 20

21. Comparisons between Empires 1600s
France: Fur trade, Jesuits, weak empire, Indian alliances, dependency
British: Late arrivals; full colonization; hostile Indian relations; conformity & exclusion
Spain: Full colonization, presidios, missions, labor, big empire, powerful state, inclusion of Indians into society