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Inbreeding & outbreeding in biological control agents _____
Do they actually matter? Quaglietti, B.1,2,3, Pekas, A.2, Wackërs, F.2, Crochard, D.1, Fauvergue, X.1, Amouroux, P.4, Palero, F.1, & Malausa, T.1 1 UMR ISA 1355, INRA, Univ. Nice, Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Sophia-Antipolis, France 2 Biobest, Westerlo, Belgium 3 Xilema, empresa Anasac, Quillota, Chile 4 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 1/17
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addition of new biological material
INTRODUCTION Biocontrol agent populations Difficulties to do mass-rearing, unexplained declines material & methods diet population genetic addition of new biological material Avoidance of inbreeding depression Improvement of biocontrol agent quality by addition of genetic diversity Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 2/17
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inbreeding depression
INTRODUCTION intra-population inter-populations hybrid vigor outbreeding depression offspring fitness inbreeding depression reproductive isolation genetic distance between parents Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 3/17
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little or no experimental data in biocontrol context
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION intra-population inter-populations hybrid vigor outbreeding depression offspring fitness inbreeding depression reproductive isolation genetic distance between parents little or no experimental data in biocontrol context Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 3/17
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little or no experimental data in biocontrol context
INTRODUCTION intra-population inter-populations hybrid vigor outbreeding depression offspring fitness inbreeding depression reproductive isolation genetic distance between parents little or no experimental data in biocontrol context Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 3/17
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INTRODUCTIO Macrolophus pygmaeus Allotropa burrelli
PART 1 – Risk of inbreeding depression Allotropa burrelli Macrolophus pygmaeus Chrysoperla externa Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 4/17
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♂ ♀ ♂ ♂ ♀ ♀ Initial populations G0 F1 F2 inbreds outbreds VS
PART 1 – Risk of inbreeding depression ♂ ♀ ♂ ♂ ♀ ♀ G0 F1 F2 inbreds outbreds VS Initial populations phenotypic traits Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 5/17
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INBREEDING DEPRESSION COEFFICIENT (+ 95% confidence intervals)
PART 1 – Risk of inbreeding depression INBREEDING DEPRESSION COEFFICIENT (+ 95% confidence intervals) mean (Outbreds) - mean (Inbreds) ( ) -1 1 INBREEDING DEPRESSION NO EFFECT OUTBREEDING Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 6/17
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-1 1 Rate of parasitism fecundity longevity fitness index -1 1
PART 1 – Risk of inbreeding depression -1 1 Rate of parasitism fecundity longevity fitness index -1 1 fecundity longevity fitness index predation -1 1 fecundity survival > 20 days fitness index predation reproductive success -1 1 predation fecundity longevity fitness index Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 7/17
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inbreeding depression
PART 2 – Intra-specific hybridization intra-population inter-populations hybrid vigor outbreeding depression offspring fitness inbreeding depression reproductive isolation genetic distance between parents Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 8/17
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Hybridization success
PART 2 – Intra-specific hybridization Macrolophus pygmaeus intra & inter-populations crosses QUESTION 1 Hybridization success QUESTION 2 Hybrid fitness 4 populations BELGIUM FRANCE GREECE SPAIN Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 9/17
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QUESTION 1 Hybridization success
PART 2 – Intra-specific hybridization QUESTION 1 Hybridization success Table 1: proportion of couples which produced at least one offspring pure crosses (55%) [N = 111] > hybrid crosses (29.6%) [N = 169] BE FR GR SP 76.9 % [N = 26] 82.1 % [N = 28] 24.1 % [N = 29] 14.3 % 75.0 % 28.6 % 35.7 % 34.5 % Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 10/17
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QUESTION 1 Hybridization success
PART 2 – Intra-specific hybridization QUESTION 1 Hybridization success Table 2: Average number (± standard error) of offspring daily produced Table 1: proportion of couples which produced at least one offspring pure crosses (55%) [N = 111] > hybrid crosses (29.6%) [N = 169] BE FR GR SP 1.61 ± 0.09 off [20] 1.47 ± 0.07 off [23] 1.63 ± 0.13 off [7] 1.50 ± 0.14 off [4] 1.42 ± 0.08 off [21] 1.37 ± 0.12 off [8] 1.57 ± 0.21 off 1.42 ± 0.09 off [10] 1.30 ± 0.12 off 1.60 ± 0.12 off BE FR GR SP 76.9 % [N = 26] 82.1 % [N = 28] 24.1 % [N = 29] 14.3 % 75.0 % 28.6 % 35.7 % 34.5 % a b c Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 10/17
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QUESTION 1 Hybridization success
PART 2 – Intra-specific hybridization QUESTION 1 Hybridization success Table 2: Average number (± standard error) of offspring daily produced pure crosses (1.51 ± 0.05 offspring) [N = 61] = hybrid crosses (1.47 ± 0.05 offspring) [N = 50] BE FR GR SP 1.61 ± 0.09 off [20] 1.47 ± 0.07 off [23] 1.63 ± 0.13 off [7] 1.50 ± 0.14 off [4] 1.42 ± 0.08 off [21] 1.37 ± 0.12 off [8] 1.57 ± 0.21 off 1.42 ± 0.09 off [10] 1.30 ± 0.12 off 1.60 ± 0.12 off Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 10/17
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QUESTION 2 Hybrids fitness
PART 2 – Intra-specific hybridization QUESTION 2 Hybrids fitness Predation Reproductive success Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 11/17
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QUESTION 2 Hybrids fitness
PART 2 – Intra-specific hybridization QUESTION 2 Hybrids fitness fecundity survival Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 11/17
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inbreeding depression
CONCLUSION Allotropa burrelli Chrysoperla externa Cryptolaemus montrouzieri hybrid vigor intra-population inter-populations outbreeding depression offspring fitness Macrolophus pygmaeus inbreeding depression reproductive isolation genetic distance between parents No major inbreeding depression detected Population history-dependent Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 12/17
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hybridization success
CONCLUSION intra-population inter-populations hybrid vigor outbreeding depression hybridization success Macrolophus pygmaeus inbreeding depression reproductive isolation genetic distance between parents Strong variations in population hybridization success with partial but strong reproductive isolation Depends on population cryptic species ? Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 13/17
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inbreeding depression
CONCLUSION intra-population inter-populations hybrid vigor outbreeding depression offspring fitness Macrolophus pygmaeus inbreeding depression genetic distance between parents Transitory benefit from hybridization Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 14/17
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inbreeding depression
PERSPECTIVES intra-population inter-populations hybrid vigor pures inbreds outbreds ? outbreeding depression offspring fitness hybrids inbreeding depression reproductive isolation genetic distance between parents Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 15/17
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inbreeding depression
PERSPECTIVES intra-population inter-populations hybrid vigor outbreeding depression offspring fitness inbreeding depression reproductive isolation genetic distance between parents continuum Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 15/17
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Next Generation Sequencing – Genotyping By Sequencing
PERSPECTIVES POP1 POP2 POP3 POP4 Next Generation Sequencing – Genotyping By Sequencing High speed sequencing - Several millions of sequences Continuum of precise genetic distances Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 16/17
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Thank you for your attention
Orlando - 30/09/16 - ICE 2016 17/17
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