1. THE NERVE IMPULSE

2. NEURON AT REST outside Na/K pump inside Na+ K+ Voltage Voltage Gated

3. What is the charge of the neuron at rest?

4. NERVE IMPULSE

5. 1. SODIUM GATED CHANNELS OPEN
Na+
Na+
Na+
outside
Na/K
pump K+
Voltage
Gated
Pump
inside

6. 2. POTASSIUM GATED CHANNELS OPEN
outside
Na/K
pump
Na+
Voltage
Gated
Pump K+
Voltage
Gated
Pump K+ K+ K+
inside

7. 3. HYPERPOLARIZATION Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ outside Na/K pump K+ inside
Voltage
Gated
Pump K+
Voltage
Gated
Pump K+
inside K+

8. 4. RETURN TO RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIALK+ K+
Na+
Na+
Na+ K+ K+
outside
Na/K
pump
Na+
Voltage
Gated
Pump K+
Voltage
Gated
Pump K+
inside K+

9. Threshold value

10. PROPAGATION
the change in potential in one area causes the adjacent channels to open

11. SULTATORY CONDUCTION

12. TRANSMISSION FROM ONE NEURON TO ANOTHER CELL
Post synaptic cell
(e.g. dendrite of another neuron)
Pre-synaptic cell
Axon
end
Synaptic
cleft

13. STEPS INVOLVED 7. 2. 8. 1.
Ca2+ 3. 5.
Ach
Ach
Ach 4.
Ach
Ach 6.

14. EFFECT ON TARGET CELL

15. DRUG EFFECT ON NEUROTRANSMITTERS

16. NEUROTRANSMITTERS Acetylcholine
Excitatory and inhibitory effect depending on where it binds
Muscle cells contain nicotinic receptors
CNS contain both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

17. Dopamine
Movement, attention and learning
Decrease can cause Parkinson’s disease
Increase can cause Schizophrenia
Adrenalin
Increase heart rate
Noradrenalin
Involved in alertness and wakefulness
Seratonin
Inhibitory post-synaptic potentials
Regulation of mood; control of eating; control of sleep and arousal; regulation of pain; control of dreaming
LSD interferes causing dreaming while awake