1. Basics of Academic writing
Foundation/ IIHS

3. Features of Academic writing
Clear
To the point, concise, precise
Cohesive
Organized
Consistent
Uses citation
Uses a variety of sentence types but more complex structures
Advanced punctuation

4. Features of Academic writing
No short forms * There’s , it’s, didn’t
Advanced connectors such as Furthermore, however, Additionally
Nominal groups (Verbs made into nouns): The application
Passive voice

5. How does one learn it?
Discipline
Practice

6. Focus of this Lesson
Cohesiveness:
Through Planning
Through language

7. Cohesiveness- Planning
How?

8. Step 01 Step 02 Step 03 Read the question Assignment
Identify Key words
Step 02
Brainstorm ideas/ points
Organize ideas into sections:
Step 03
Introduction
Body
Conclusion

9. Brainstorming? Mind map?

10. Different Types of Essays
Describe
Compare /Contrast
Problem /solution
Cause /effect
For/ Against

11. Organization of Essays

12. Another Angle
Description The author describes a topic by listing characteristics, features, and examples for example, characteristics are Sequence The author lists items or events in numerical or chronological order. first, second, third; next; then; finally Comparison The author explains how two or more things are alike and/or how they are different. different; in contrast; alike; same as; on the other hand Cause and Effect The author lists one or more causes and the resulting effect or effects. reasons why; if...then; as a result; therefore; because Problem and Solution The author states a problem and lists one or more solutions for the problem. A variation of this pattern is the question- and-answer format in which the author poses a question and then answers it. problem is; dilemma is; puzzle is solved; question... Answer ( for more details)

13. Task Plan the introduction to the following essay.
Many people think that IT should be an integral part of education. Describe the education system in your country and state your opinion on what the role of IT should be in education.

14. Language Sentence structure: Starting sentences with, There, It, one,
There are many uses for …
It is possible to analyse
One can clearly see
Using passive voice.
Using Proforms.

15. Pro-forms Word/ phrase that represents something.
“This chapter deals with the basis of the present research study; it outlines the goals of the study as well as the objectives realized to achieve its main goal.”
Other common pro-forms: This, the former, the latter, these, their

16. Activity : Identify the reference words in this passage
Jenkins (1987) has researched the life cycle of new business. He found that they have an average life of only 4.7 years. This is due to two main reasons; one economic and one social. The former appears to be lacking, the latter, a failure to carry out sufficient market research.
Jenkins
new business
average life of only 4.7 years
economic
social

17. Connectives Similar Ideas Opposite ideas Conclusion Introduce examples
additionally
In contrast
overall
For example
Moreover
however
finally
Take for example
Besides
regardless
In conclusion
This can be illustrated by
In fact
nevertheless
This can be exemplified by
similarly
despite
As shown by
In addition
On the other hand
in this case
likewise
furthermore

18. Synonyms Goal – Study- Results- Area- Benefit- Category- Component-
Concept-
Behavior-
Controversy-

19. Synonyms Goal – target, aim Study- learning, research
Results- outcome, findings, achievements
Area- region, field
Benefit- advantages ,positives
Category-division, parts,type
Component-ingredient,parts
Concept-idea, plan
Behavior-conduct,attitude
Controversy- argument disagreement debate

20. Feeling: sensation emotions
Belief : trust faith view thinking
Expansion : extend increase enlarge
Interpretation : explanation, translation analysis thinking
Issue : problem, topic, V: handing over
Method: procedure, system
Option: choice, selection
Statistics: figures
Framework: structure, outline
Trend: direction, tendency

21. Health related vocab Places People Treatment Illnesses
Injuries (minor and major)

22. Nominization Ill illness Investigate investigation
Propose Proposal, Proposition
Medicate
Treat
Infect
Inject
Fit