1. The World Ocean AREA = 361.1 million km2 (139.1 million mi2)
VOLUME = 1,370 million km3 (329 million mi3)
Average DEPTH = 3,796 m (12,451 ft)
Average TEMPERATURE = 3.9° C (39.0° F)
Average SALINITY = g kg-1 (ppt)

2. Global Distribution of
Ocean and Land Areas

4. Oceans
Arctic Ocean

5. Pacific Ocean Surrounded by the “Ring of Fire” - volcanic activity
1st European contact - Vasco de Balboa in (Pacificum = peaceful)
(crossed Panama) - spaniard
Magellan - first European to complete transpacific voyage
- portugese –
Pacific Ocean covers 1/3 of the Earth’s surface
Hawaiian Islands rise 10.6 km (Mt. Everest = 8.84 km)
Largest surface area
Average width = 13,000 km
Largest Volume (twice as large as Atlantic or Indian Oceans)
Average Depth = 4.2 km (deepest = 11 km)
Surrounded by the “Ring of Fire” - volcanic activity
Pacific Ocean

7. Atlantic Ocean Long, narrow S-shaped ocean
Named by the Romans (from Atlas Mountains in NW Africa)
Relatively shallow - mid-Atlantic Ridge
Few depths below 6 km
Islands not as common (Greenland is largest island)
20 east longitude divides Atlantic and Indian Oceans
67 west longitude divides Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

8. Indian Ocean Mostly in the Southern Hemisphere
Average Depth 3.9 km Average Width 7000 km
Important trade routes for Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India
Egyptians sailed this ocean 2500 years ago
20 east longitude divides Atlantic and Indian Oceans
150 east longitude divides Indian and Pacific Oceans

9. Arctic Ocean Shallow and small relative to other oceans
Separated from Atlantic by a large submarine ridge that extends
east-west of Iceland
Mostly “land-locked”, ice-covered, contains the North Pole
Least-studied of all oceans - uncharted until late 1800’s
The Cold-War and Nuclear Submarines have greatly advanced
our knowledge of this ocean

10. Oceans
Arctic Ocean
Southern Ocean?