1. The American Civil War
1861
To 1865

3. Lincoln’s Beliefs No right to interfere with slavery where it existed
Secession illegal; Constitution formed by the people: no state can secede from the Union; Union is perpetual
No action until the South acts first

4. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

5. Waging War: Fight To Win
Preserve the Union: NOT to free the slaves
-Don’t alienate border states
-Maintain North’s support (issue of slavery)
-Do not recognize So. secession (“domestic rebellion”)

6. Keep the Border States in the Union
Md., Del., Mo., Ky.: slave states still in the Union
Would not push for emancipation until 1862

7. Take Charge of War Effort
Tried to re-supply Ft. Sumter; South fired on fort
Called for 75,000 volunteers to end rebellion
Increased size of navy & ordered naval blockade
Suspended writ of habeas corpus
Declared martial law in border states

9. Paying for the War Paying For War: New taxes on products & income tax
Bonds were sold to raise $
1863: a nation’s banking system changed: a new federal bank was created; new national currency backed by the US gov’t
Money borrowed from banks

10. Confederate Money

11. Northern Advantages Advantages of the North:
16,000 in army; Congress authorized spending for 500,000 troops
Greater amount of industry
Better RR’s & roads, ports & harbors
Larger population (more workers & soldiers)
Control of navy
An established government in place under Lincoln

12. South’s Advantages Fighting a defensive war: huge numbers volunteered
Didn’t need to win, just hold on until the No. gave up
Slaves could do the work while landowners could fight
Well-trained officers – Robert E. Lee
Fighting for their rights as states

13. Political Effects: North
Northerners (Rep./No. Dem.s’) control Congress; pass key legislation:
Homestead Act
Banking Act
Pacific Railway Act
Lincoln (Commander in Chief) exercises greater power:
Sent troops to war on his own authority
Increased size of army
Suspended writ of habeas corpus

14. Political Effects: South
Formed a new government
Recognize sovereignty of states
Makes abolition of slavery unconstitutional
6 year term
Struggle for power between states’ rights & centralization:
States’ restricted Davis’ to impose martial law & suspend habeas corpus
Gov’t imposed regulations on industry, took over RR’s & seized slaves for military work

15. Confiscation Acts Military hold slaves as “contraband”
Fall 1862: After Battle of Antietam, Lincoln announced his Emancipation Proclamation: Jan. 1, 1863

16. Goals Expand: Emancipation
Deprive the South of a work force
Gain greater support from abolitionists and anti-slavery
Use African Americans to fight: organize black regiments and provide support for the Union
Prevent the South from getting foreign aid
EFFECTS:
Encourages more slaves to leave plantations (a process that had already started)
Broader, more clearer purpose
Huge boost to Union

18. Justification of Emancipation
“Military necessity”
Limited to wartime strategy
Who is freed and who is not:

19. Effect of Proclamation
Established a new purpose for the war
Symbolic: at first no slaves freed
Lessened the chance Europe would aid South

20. Human Cost of War 3 million + Americans fought in it 600,000 died
Worst single day: Antietam: over 3,000 dead
Shiloh: 7,000 men fell in 20 min.
Many died from battle wounds that became infected during the war