1. Unit 10 Transportation

2. 10.1 Questions
How many parties are involved in international trade transport?
What is the difference between a tramp and a liner?
What are the characteristics of liners shipping?
State the functions of Ocean B/L.

3. The parties involved
Shipper
Consignee
Carrier

4. Liner v.s. Tramp
A liner is a vessel that sails according to regular sailing route, regular ports of call, regular sailing schedule and has fixed freight.
A tramp is a freight-carrying vessel that follows no firm schedule, has no set routes or times.

5. 10.2 Words and Expressions

6. Freight Freight charges 运费 Freight agency 运货代理商 Freight forwarder 运输公司
Freight rate　运费率
Freight service　货运
Freight tariff　运费表

7. ship / shipment / shipping
ship: 装运 put, take or send away on board ship, and can also be by airplane, truck or other vehicles
shipment: (1)装船putting of goods, etc. on a ship (2)装载的货物consignment; goods shipped
shipping: 装运,运输the act or business of sending or transporting goods

8. Shipment:
Direct shipment　直达船装运
Express/immediate/prompt/punctual shipment　立即装运
Delay/extend shipment　延期装运
Partial shipment 分装
Transshipment　转运

9. Shipping:
Shipping advice/notice　装船通知
Shipping agents　装运代理
Shipping company　船运公司
Shipping container　集装箱
Shipping order/permit　装货单
Shipping space　舱位
Shipping expense　装运费
Shipping process　装运手续
Shipping weight (s.w.)　起运重量
Shipping mark　唛头

10. 10.3　specimen letters
Discussing terms of shipment or asking for amendment to terms of shipment
Giving shipping instructions to the seller
Urging an early, immediate or punctual shipment
Sending shipping advice and/or shipping documents

11. 10.3.1 asking for amendment to the terms of shipment
Acknowledge the receipt of letter and/or L/C
Request for amendment and state the reasons
Wish a prompt reply

12. 10.3.2 shipping instruction Acknowledge the receipt of letters
Ask for shipment
Ask for some other requirements, if any
Wish a further cooperation and look forward to shipping advice

13. 10.3.3 Urging an early, immediate or punctual shipment
Refer to the goods for shipment
Describe necessary details and explain reasons
Urge shipment and express appreciation
Show goodwill

14. 10.3.4 Shipping advice Acknowledge the receipt of correspondence
Notify the completeness of shipment
Notify name of ship, date of departure and arrival, etc.
Enclose shipping documents
Wish a further cooperation and express assurance.

15. season Busy season/ high/peak/rush season 旺季
Low season/dead/dull /slack season 淡季
Shopping season　销售季节
In season 上市－－out of season
Come into season　上市

16. 10.4 useful sentences
We hope that by the time you receive this letter, you will have the goods ready for shipment.
It is stipulated that shipment is to be made before the end of this month ; however , we shall appreciate it if you will arrange to ship the goods at an earlier date.

17. We wish to advise you that the goods under S/C 567 went forward on the steamer “Yunnan” on July 5. They are to be transshipped at Copenhagen and expected to reach your port in early September.
We take this opportunity to inform you that we have shipped the above goods on board s .s . “Taishan”, which sails for your port tomorrow. Enclosed please find one set of shipping documents covering this consignment.

18. 10.5 exercises
Write a letter to your customer informing him that you have shipped the goods he ordered on board s.s. “Long March” which sail for his port tomorrow.

19. Dear Sirs,
We are very pleased to inform you that we
have shipped your Order No.100 covering
1000 sets of Midea Brand Microwave Oven
on board s.s. Long March, which is due to sail
for your port tomorrow.
We hope the above shipment will reach you in
good time and in perfect condition.
Yours faithfully,

20. Keys to Ex. IV
1. If you desire earlier delivery, we can only make a partial shipment of ten machines in September and the remaining ten in October.
2. It is expected that the consignment will be ready for shipment in the early part of May and we are arranging to ship it by S/S “East Star” sailing from Shanghai on or about 10th May.
3. The consignment mentioned above was carefully examined by our experts at the time of shipment and was found to be in strict conformity with the contracted standard in both quality and weight.
4. As you have been informed in one of our previous letters the users are in urgent need of the machines contracted and are actually pressing us for an early delivery.

21. Keys to Ex. V (1)
1. As there is no direct steamer available from Fuzhou to your port, it is, therefore necessary to transship the goods at Rotterdam and as such we would request your customer to amend L/C No.PG314 as allowing transshipment.
2. After the equipment has been loaded we shall immediately inform you of the vessel's name, sailing date, the port of destination, the description and quantity of the goods, the number of the B/L and the contract number.
3. We now ask you to do your utmost to dispatch the first 500 sets under this order by air as the goods are urgently required by our customers.
4. In reply to your letter of yesterday, we have got all the shipping documents ready and submitted to our negotiating bank, Bank of China, for collection.

22. Keys to EX. V (2)
5. On FOB trade terms, there is no need for the seller to arrange either shipment or insurance, unless otherwise instructed.
6. Included in the shipping documents mainly are those such as bill of lading, commercial invoice, etc. which entitle the right to the goods.
7. For further shipping instructions, please contact our forwarding agents, Kelly Bro. Co. Inc. Sydney, who have hitherto taken care of shipments from you.
8. We wish to inform you that although we are in a position to supply you with the goods against the above mentioned order from stock, we are advised by the shipping company that because direct vessels, either liner or tramp, sailing for your port are few and far between, the shipping space has been fully booked up to the end of November. We, therefore, are not able to advance the shipment.

23. Keys to Ex. VI
Dear Mr. Wan,
Further to our discussion on the phone today, we now write to confirm our acceptance of your request, subject to your order reaching us by August 15, Beijing time, for the following:
20 metric tons of Walnut, F.A.Q crop, at RMB12,000 per metric ton CIFC2% Odense, shipment per steamer during October/November with transshipment at Copenhagen. Other terms and conditions (are) same as usual, with the exception of insurance which will cover All Risks and War Risk for 110% of the total invoice value.
As no direct steamer is available from here to Odense, the parcel will have to be transshipped at Copenhagen. Please note that the additional cost from Copenhagen to Odense is included in the quoted price.
Any comments, if you have, please revert.
Sincerely yours

24. Keys to Workshop Dear Sirs, L/C No. 768, S/C No. CS235
We have pleasure in informing you that we have completed the above shipment in accordance with the stipulations set forth in the captioned Letter of Credit, and we are now sending you, together with this letter, one set of duplicate shipping documents so that you may make all the necessary preparations to take delivery of the goods when they duly arrive at your port.
Invoice No in duplicate
Packing List No in duplicate
Non-negotiable Bill of Lading No.BD3453
Insurance Policy No.DH6534
Survey Report No.TD534
We trust the above shipment will reach you in sound condition and expect to receive your further orders before long. We appreciate the business you have been able to secure for us and assure you that all your future correspondence, enquiries and orders will continue to receive our careful attention.