1. Marching Toward War

2. Long-Range Causes of WWI
Nationalism & Imperialism
Each nation felt themselves superior to other nations
This attitude created a desire to rule lands beyond their borders
Example: Balkans (Russia, Turkey, Austria-Hungary
Example: Morocco, North Africa (Germany & France)
Example: Korea (Russia, Japan)

3. Aggressive Nationalism

4. Africa in 1914

5. Colonial Rivalries: Asia in 1914

6. Long-Range Causes of WWI
Pan-Slavism was a desire for Russia to protect Slavic people in Europe
 Serbia is a Slavic nation
Pan-Germanism was a desire for Germany to protect German-speaking people in Europe.
 Austria-Hungary was a German speaking nation

7. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

8. Long-Range Causes of WWI
Militarism caused European countries to build up their armies and navies.
created fear and distrust
British: best & biggest navy
Germany suspicious of Russia’s plan to modernize its army

9. Militarism (Arms Race) 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914 94
130
154
268
289
398
Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%

10. Long-Range Causes of WWI
Entangling Alliances
Nations entered into agreements to help their allies in the event of war
1914: Two major alliances
1. Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-
Hungary, Italy, Ottoman Empire
2. Triple Entente – Britain, France, Russia
(later on included Japan and many
other nations)

11. The Alliance System
Triple Entente:
Triple Alliance:

12. Two Armed Camps!
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:

13. Victor Emmanuel II [It]
The Major Players:
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Nicholas II [Rus]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
George V [Br]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Enver Pasha [Turkey]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Franz Josef [A-H]

14. Europe in 1914

15. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

16. The “Spark”

17. Immediate Cause of WWI June 28th, 1914
Archduke of A-H Franz Ferdinand & wife visit Bosnian capital Sarajevo.
Bosnians unhappy living under rule of Austria-Hungary
Couple shot by 19 yr. old Serbian nationalist (Gavrilo Princip)
Princip was a member of the Black Hand – a secret society determined to free Bosnia of A-H rule.

18. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

19. The Assassination: Sarajevo

20. The Assassin:
Gavrilo Princip

21. Who’s To Blame?

22. Resources Susan Pojer – Horace Greeley HS, NY
Darrell Wells – Mt. Pleasant High School