1. Introduction to Edge Computing
Ken-Hao Chang
Taiwan Evolutionary Intelligence Laboratory 2017/11/12 Group Meeting Presentation

2. Outline Trend of Computing Cloud Computing Edge Computing Application
EdgeX project
AWS

3. Trend of Computing
5th Utility

4. Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a distributed technology which delivers hosted services over the internet to provide easy access, scalable (and elastic) IT services

5. Five characteristics
1. On-demand Self-service A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service’s provider.

6. Five characteristics
2. Broad Network Access Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous client platforms

7. Five characteristics
3. Resource Pooling The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand.

8. Five characteristics
4. Rapid Elasticity Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out, and rapidly released to quickly scale in.

9. Five characteristics
5. Measured Service Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service .

10. Benefits From Cloud For the end user and individuals
Improved performance
Instant update & free software
Device independence & Mobility
For the market and enterprises
Reduce capital expenditure
Improve Business Agility & Specialization
Fast Deployment & Continuous Service Delivery

11. Cloud Computing structure
Privacy protection
an obstacle for cloud computing in IoT
Data quantity is too large
Transportation is becoming the bottleneck

12. Emergence of Edge Computing
Mobile computing
Internet of Things( IoT )
Smart Home : smart light, smart TV, and robot vacuum
Just connecting to cloud is not enough
Augmented Reality (AR)

13. What is Edge Computing Edge
Any computing and network resources along the path between data sources and cloud data centers
Data Source
Edge

14. Three-level Architecture
First level:
unmodified cloud infrastructure
Second level:
dispersed elements called cloudlets with state cached from the first level
Third level:
Mobile-device or IoT device

15. Technology Fog nodes Content Delivery Network (CDN) Cloudlets
Micro datacenters

16. CDN
Geographically distributed network of proxy servers and their data centers
Benefits
Reducing bandwidth costs
Improving page load times
Increasing global availability of content
Location-relevant advertising
Techniques
web caching
server-load balancing
request routing

17. Cloudlets ( Edge )
A mobility-enhanced small-scale cloud datacenter that is located at the edge of the Internet
Cloud
Cloudlet
Cloudlet

18. Cloudlets
Based on standard cloud technology (virtual machines ) : Openstack
Soft state only ( Storage )
contain cached states from the cloud
buffer data originating from a mobile device and going to the cloud
entirely self-managing
Close at hand
“Logical proximity" of the mobile devices
Resources and connectivity (Networking and Processing)
sufficient CPU, RAM, etc. to offload resource-intensive computations from several mobile devices
good connectivity ( bandwidth) to the cloud
not limited by electric power supply

19. Processing
Cloudlet
Raw Data
Result

20. Processing
Cloud
Raw Data
Extracted Data
Result
Result
Cloudlet

21. Benefits of Cloudlets Highly responsive cloud services.
low end-to-end
Low latency, high bandwidth
Scalability via edge analytics.
Raw data is analyzed on cloudlets. Only the extracted information transmitted to the cloud.
Privacy-policy enforcement.
A cloudlet can enforce the privacy policies of its owner prior to release of the data to the cloud
Masking cloud outages.
If a cloud service becomes unavailable , a fallback service on a nearby cloudlet can temporarily mask the failure

22. Compare to Cloud Computing
Parameters
Cloud Computing
Fog Computing
Server nodes location
Within the Internet
At the edge of the local network
Client and server distance
Multiple hops
Single/multiple hop
Latency
High
Low
Delay Jitter
Security
Non-locally controllable
Locally controllable
Location awareness No
Yes
Vulnerability
Higher probability
Lower probability
Geographical distribution
Centralized
Dense and Distributed
Number of server nodes
Few
Very large
Real time interactions
Not fully supported
Supported
Usual last mile connectivity
Leased line /wireless
Mainly wireless
Mobility
Limited support

23. Challenges
Collective control and sharing of cloudlets in distributed computing
Managing dispersed cloudlet infrastructure
Higher management cost than centralized infrastructure

24. Edge X
Vendor-neutral open source software platform at the edge of the network
Interacts with the physical, every day working world of devices, sensors, actuators, and other IoT objects.
The EdgeX platform enables and encourages the rapidly growing community of IoT solution providers to work together in an ecosystem of interoperable components to reduce uncertainty, accelerate time to market. 
Easier to
monitor / send instructions / collect data from physical world items
move the data across the fog up to the cloud where it may be stored, aggregated, analyzed, and turned into information, actuated, and acted upon

26. AWS
Run Lambda functions at AWS Regions and Amazon CloudFront edge locations

27. Reference
Wearable Cognitive Assistance using Cloudlets (
The Emergence of Edge Computing, Computer 50.1 (2017):
Edge Computing: Vision and Challenges, IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, VOL. 3, NO. 5, OCTOBER 2016
K.P.Saharan A.Kumar “ Fog in Comparison to Cloud: A Survey”, Int’l. Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 122 – No.3, July 2015