1. RNA
Higher Human Biology

2. Genotype = genetic constitution
Phenotype = physical and chemical state
The phenotype is determined by the proteins synthesised when the genes are expressed

3. Structure of RNA Ribose Sugar, base, phosphate
Uracil is the complementary base partner of Thymine
One strand

4. Types of RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) – formed during transcription of DNA in the nucleus and is the template for protein synthesis at the ribosomes
Transfer RNA (tRNA) – carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes for translation of the genetic code
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – binds to proteins to form ribosomes

5. Proteins Polypeptide chains Subunits called amino acids
Structure and function of protein depend on sequence of amino acids
This is controlled by the sequence of bases on the DNA

6. Genetic Code
The sequence of bases along a DNA strand are grouped into triplets
Each amino acid in a protein is coded for by one or more of these triplets.

7. Gene Expression
Genetic code is carried on DNA in the nucleus of the cell
Assembly of amino acids into polypeptides happens in the cytoplasm
Ribosomes

8. Protein synthesis
A molecule of mRNA (messenger RNA) is transcribed in the nucleus
It leaves the nucleus via a pore in the nuclear membrane
Carries the information to ribosomes
The mRNA meets tRNA (transfer RNA) and the information is translated into a protein.

9. By the end of the lesson
Draw a labeled diagram of a strand of RNA in your jotters
Cope the diagram at the foot of page 34
Make a note of the 3 differences between RNA and DNA
Complete glossaries up until mRNA