1. Agenda Vocabulary Review Game Notes: Composition of Matter
What is matter?
What information can we learn about chemicals from the periodic table?
Vocabulary Review Game
Notes: Composition of Matter
Complete Periodic Table interactive worksheet & go over
Notes: Bonding
Bonding & Chemical Formula worksheet

2. Vocabulary Set #1 Matter- anything that has mass and volume
Atom- smallest unit of an element that retains properties of the element
Ion- charged particle
Proton – subatomic particle with a positive charge; located within the nucleus of an atom
Neutron- subatomic particle with a neutral charge; located within nucleus of an atom
Electron- subatomic particle with a negative charge
Covalent bond-bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
Ionic bond- bond formed when atoms transfer electrons from one atom to another

3. Molecule- group of atoms held together by chemical forces
Element-substance that can not be broken down chemically
Compound- substance made of atoms of two or more different elements
Isotope- atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons
Atomic Number- number of protons in an atom
Mass Number- sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Enzyme- protein that speeds up metabolic reactions within organisms by reducing the activation energy required for chemical reactions

4. What
in the world is matter?

5. Matter is… A. Anything that moves B. Anything that has mass and volume
C. Something that cries.

6. B.
Anything that
Has mass and volume!

7. types
The
Of matter are…

8. Liquids
Solids
Gases
Plasma

9. Structure of Matter Protons Positive charge Make up nucleus of atom
All matter is made of atoms which contain
Protons
Positive charge
Make up nucleus of atom
Atomic number
Neutrons
Neutral
Subtract atomic number from mass number
Mass number = Neutrons + Protons

10. Electrons
Negative charge
Travel around nucleus within electron cloud
1st energy level-holds 2
2nd energy level- holds 8
3rd energy level-holds 18
If stable atom: # of protons=# of electrons

11. Information We Can Gain From Periodic Table
Name
Atomic Number
The number of protons in an atom defines what element it is. 
The number of protons in an atom also determines the chemical behavior of the element.
If the atom is stable the atomic number also tells you the number of electrons
Symbol
The atomic symbol is one or two letters chosen to represent an element ("H" for "hydrogen”) 
These symbols are used internationally.  
Atomic Mass
The average mass of an element and its isotopes in atomic mass units ("amu"). 
The number of neutrons for an element can be found by subtracting the number of protons (atomic number) from the atomic mass. 
Atomic mass

12. Log onto cpolumbo. wikispaces
Log onto cpolumbo.wikispaces.com and complete Periodic Table interactive worksheet

13. Chemical Bonds
Remember most atoms are not stable in their natural state they tend to react with other atoms in different ways to become more stable.
Atoms attempt to acquire an outer orbital with eight electrons through chemical reactions –Octet Rule
Hydrogen and helium attempt to acquire an outer orbital with two electrons through chemical reactions
Chemical bonds are the attractive forces between valence electrons that hold them together.

14. NA – 11 electrons
2 electrons – 1st shell
8 electrons – 2nd shell
1 electron – 3rd shell (valence electron

15. What is a compound?
Compounds are made up of atoms of two or more elements in fixed proportions
Compounds can contain different types of bonds.
If atoms are sharing electrons, then the bond between them is covalent.
If an atom gives up an electron to another atom, then they have an ionic bond.

16. Covalent Bonds
Form when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

17. Ionic Bonds
Ionic bonding occurs when one atom transfers an electron to another atom
The opposite charges forms an electrostatic attraction between the ions
Form between a metal on the left of the table and a nonmetal on the right side of the table.
Cation looses electrons so it is oxidized. Anion gains electrons so it is reduced.

19. Other types of Attractions
Hydrogen Bonds
Occur between two hydrogen atoms that are already covalently bonded to different atoms. This is a weaker bond than a covalent bond
Van Der Waals bonds
short range attractive forces between chemical groups in contact. Caused by slight charge displacements.

20. Chemical Formulas Tells you what kind of atoms are in the compound
Tells you the number of atoms of each type of element
Are determined by the number of valence electrons, since these are the electrons that participate in bonding

21. Chemical Formulas How many valence electrons does hydrogen have?
How many valence electrons does oxygen have?
How many hydrogens are needed to fill oxygen’s shell?
What is the chemical formula for water?
How many hydrogen are there in one water molecule?
How many oxygen are in one water molecule
How many hydrogen are in three water molecules?
3 H2O

22. Criss-Cross Method
Ionic compounds must have a net ionic charge of zero (neutral)
Use crisscross method to write formulas
The charge superscript becomes the subscript of the opposite ion indicating the # of ions

23. Example Barium bromide: Ba2+ Br-1 Barium loses 2 e- to become 2+
Bromide gains 1 e- to become 1-
Criss cross superscripts to become subscripts – do not need to record 1
becomes BaBr2

24. EXAMPLES Aluminum oxide Al3+ O2- becomes Al2O3 Aluminum will loss 3 e-
Oxygen will gain 2 e-
Criss cross superscripts
Practice…practice…practice
Your turn….

25. Complete Bonding & Chemical Formula worksheet and discuss Homework:
Counting Atoms worksheet
Section 2-1 Review