1. The Evolution of London’s Air Quality Strategy
City of London
The Evolution of London’s Air Quality Strategy
February 27, 2012

2. Every City is Unique
Now, of course, not all of our energy we use is oil
Natural gas, used mostly for heating air and water, accounts for 41%
Gasoline, including ethanol-blends, accounts for 25%. Of interest to note is that over one-fifth of the gasoline sold in London is ethanol-blended gasoline (10% ethanol)
Electricity accounts for 22% of our energy demand. In Ontario, electricity is generated from a variety of energy sources. In 2006:
over half (54%) was generated by nuclear power plants
over one-fifth (22%) was generated by hydro-electric dams
16% was generated by burning coal
The remaining 8% came from burning natural gas and renewables

3. How Are We Doing On Smog?

4. Lower Tailpipe Emissions
Source: The Clean Air Foundation and the Canadian Vehicle Manufacturers Association

5. Air Quality – Local Sources of NOx
Now, of course, not all of our energy we use is oil
Natural gas, used mostly for heating air and water, accounts for 41%
Gasoline, including ethanol-blends, accounts for 25%. Of interest to note is that over one-fifth of the gasoline sold in London is ethanol-blended gasoline (10% ethanol)
Electricity accounts for 22% of our energy demand. In Ontario, electricity is generated from a variety of energy sources. In 2006:
over half (54%) was generated by nuclear power plants
over one-fifth (22%) was generated by hydro-electric dams
16% was generated by burning coal
The remaining 8% came from burning natural gas and renewables

6. Air Quality – Local Sources of VOCs
Now, of course, not all of our energy we use is oil
Natural gas, used mostly for heating air and water, accounts for 41%
Gasoline, including ethanol-blends, accounts for 25%. Of interest to note is that over one-fifth of the gasoline sold in London is ethanol-blended gasoline (10% ethanol)
Electricity accounts for 22% of our energy demand. In Ontario, electricity is generated from a variety of energy sources. In 2006:
over half (54%) was generated by nuclear power plants
over one-fifth (22%) was generated by hydro-electric dams
16% was generated by burning coal
The remaining 8% came from burning natural gas and renewables

7. The Evolution of Issues
air quality (smog)
climate change
Now, of course, not all of our energy we use is oil
Natural gas, used mostly for heating air and water, accounts for 41%
Gasoline, including ethanol-blends, accounts for 25%. Of interest to note is that over one-fifth of the gasoline sold in London is ethanol-blended gasoline (10% ethanol)
Electricity accounts for 22% of our energy demand. In Ontario, electricity is generated from a variety of energy sources. In 2006:
over half (54%) was generated by nuclear power plants
over one-fifth (22%) was generated by hydro-electric dams
16% was generated by burning coal
The remaining 8% came from burning natural gas and renewables
energy supply

8. Energy Use – by Commodity
Now, of course, not all of our energy we use is oil
Natural gas, used mostly for heating air and water, accounts for 41%
Gasoline, including ethanol-blends, accounts for 25%. Of interest to note is that over one-fifth of the gasoline sold in London is ethanol-blended gasoline (10% ethanol)
Electricity accounts for 22% of our energy demand. In Ontario, electricity is generated from a variety of energy sources. In 2006:
over half (54%) was generated by nuclear power plants
over one-fifth (22%) was generated by hydro-electric dams
16% was generated by burning coal
The remaining 8% came from burning natural gas and renewables

9. Energy Use – By Sector
Businesses and institutions represents a lot of things. At this time, we are not able to break this down further because London Hydro and Union Gas do not use the same criteria to break down their customer sectors
Transportation includes both the private use of cars as well as London’s share of provincial truck traffic. However most of this (about three-quarters) is Londoners driving their cars
The residential sector represents those Londoners living in detached, semi-detached, or townhomes (i.e., those where the household has its own electricity and gas meter)
The total energy used in 2006 was 58,300 terajoules

10. Historical Energy Trend
Since 1990, London’s energy use has increased by 17%
In the same time period, London’s population has increased by 14%
Growth was highest in the employment sector (24%), followed by transportation (19%)
Residential energy use was only 3% higher in 2006 compared to On a per-person basis, residential energy use has actually fallen by 10%. This reflects improvements in new home construction, appliance energy efficiency, and home energy retrofits. But more needs to be done…

11. Historical GHG Trend
Greenhouse gas emissions (in terms of equivalent carbon dioxide) from London have increased by 16% since 1990
That’s better than Canada’s overall increase of 25%, but on par with Ontario’s increase (also 16%)
95% of these emissions come from using energy
Since 2002, emissions appear to have stabilized, but more effort is needed to meet this century’s greatest challenge.

12. Our Response to the Challenge
Internal (corporate) actions

13. Corporate Energy Management
Energy retrofits
LEED buildings
Renewable energy
Green roofs
Energy procurement

14. Fleet Greening clean fuels 23 hybrids and 2 micro-cars E10 gasoline
B5 biodiesel
23 hybrids and 2 micro-cars
Use 40% less fuel than vehicles they replaced

15. Our Response to the Challenge
Community engagement

16. 16

17. RETHINK Energy London Measure Your Footprint!

25. Community Energy Strategy - Payback

26. Thank you for listening!
Jamie Skimming, P.Eng. – Manager, Air Quality
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