1. Warm-Up – 3/1 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
Describe an aircraft propeller?
Explain the difference between the spin of the tip of an aircraft propeller and the hub.
Describe the instrument monitored when using a fixed-pitch propeller and its operation?
Describe the two main controls with a constant- speed propeller and their use?
Describe the instrument monitored when using a constant-speed propeller and its operation?

2. Questions / Comments

3. Warm-Up – 3/1 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
Describe an aircraft propeller?
Explain the difference between the spin of the tip of an aircraft propeller and the hub.
Describe the instrument monitored when using a fixed-pitch propeller and its operation?
Describe the two main controls with a constant- speed propeller and their use?
Describe the instrument monitored when using a constant-speed propeller and its operation?

4. Aircraft Systems Propeller
The propeller is a rotating airfoil, subject to induced drag, stalls, and other aerodynamic principles that apply to any airfoil.
The engine power is used to rotate the propeller, which in turn generates thrust very similar to the manner in which a wing produces lift.

5. Warm-Up – 3/1 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
Describe an aircraft propeller?
Explain the difference between the spin of the tip of an aircraft propeller and the hub.
Describe the instrument monitored when using a fixed-pitch propeller and its operation?
Describe the two main controls with a constant- speed propeller and their use?
Describe the instrument monitored when using a constant-speed propeller and its operation?

6. Aircraft Systems Propeller
The tip of the blade travels faster than the part near the hub, because the tip travels a greater distance than the hub in the same length of time.

7. Warm-Up – 3/1 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
Describe an aircraft propeller?
Explain the difference between the spin of the tip of an aircraft propeller and the hub.
Describe the instrument monitored when using a fixed-pitch propeller and its operation?
Describe the two main controls with a constant- speed propeller and their use?
Describe the instrument monitored when using a constant-speed propeller and its operation?

8. Aircraft Systems Propeller
In a fixed-pitch propeller, the tachometer is the indicator of engine power.
A tachometer is calibrated in hundreds of rpm and gives a direct indication of the engine and propeller rpm.
The instrument is color coded, with a green arc denoting the maximum continuous operating rpm.

9. Warm-Up – 3/1 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
Describe an aircraft propeller?
Explain the difference between the spin of the tip of an aircraft propeller and the hub.
Describe the instrument monitored when using a fixed-pitch propeller and its operation?
Describe the two main controls with a constant- speed propeller and their use?
Describe the instrument monitored when using a constant-speed propeller and its operation?

10. Aircraft Systems Propeller
An aircraft with a constant-speed propeller has two controls:
the throttle and the propeller control.
The throttle controls power output and the propeller control regulates engine rpm.
This in turn regulates propeller rpm which is registered on the tachometer.

11. Warm-Up – 3/1 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
Describe an aircraft propeller?
Explain the difference between the spin of the tip of an aircraft propeller and the hub.
Describe the instrument monitored when using a fixed-pitch propeller and its operation?
Describe the two main controls with a constant- speed propeller and their use?
Describe the instrument monitored when using a constant-speed propeller and its operation?

12. Aircraft Systems Propeller
On aircraft equipped with a constant-speed propeller, power output is controlled by the throttle and indicated by a manifold pressure gauge.
The gauge measures the absolute pressure of the fuel/air mixture inside the intake manifold and is more correctly a measure of manifold absolute pressure (MAP).

13. Questions / Comments

14. THIS DAY IN AVIATION March 1
1912 — Capt. Albert Berry makes the first parachute descent from a powered airplane in America when he jumps from a Benoist aircraft that is being flown by the company pilot, Anthony Jannus.
The aircraft is flying at a height of 1,500 ft. over Jefferson Barracks in St. Louis, Missouri, and Berry uses a static line parachute.

15. THIS DAY IN AVIATION March 1
1923 — Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company delivers to Army Air Service TC-1, largest American non-rigid dirigible.

16. THIS DAY IN AVIATION March 1
1923 — Brig. Gen. William Mitchell, Assistant Chief of Air Service, completes a 5,000 mile inspection trip by airplane.

17. THIS DAY IN AVIATION March 1
1925 — Ryan Airlines begins the first regularly scheduled passenger airline service flown within the mainland United States.
The service runs between Los Angeles and San Diego.

18. THIS DAY IN AVIATION March 1
1928 — An airmail route between France and Chile is opened with a fast sea link between Dakar, Senegal and Natal, Brazil.

19. THIS DAY IN AVIATION March 1
1933 — United States Air Commerce Regulations are amended to increase the flying time required for a pilot's license from 10 hours to 50 hours.

20. THIS DAY IN AVIATION March 1
1946 — General Carl Spaatz designated Commander USAAF.

21. THIS DAY IN AVIATION March 1
1962 — Los Angeles Airways sets up the world's first commercial service using turbine-powered, multi-engine helicopters, the Sikorsky S-62L, which could accommodate up to 28 passengers.

22. Questions / Comments

23. February / March 2017 Quiz HOLIDAY 30 31 1 2 3 Flight Line Friday 4 5
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday 30
Chapter 4
Aerodynamics of Flight 31 1 2
Quiz 3
Flight Line Friday 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
QUIZ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TEST 18 19 20
HOLIDAY 21
Chapter 5
Flight Controls 22 23 24 25 26 27
Chapter 6
Flight Systems
Powerplants 28
Propellers
Induction Carb Systems
Carb Icing and Heating

24. 1st Quarter Requirements (11 days of Class Meetings – Mar 15)
All students will complete the following:
Take notes - All in class quizzes and tests
Complete Flight Sim. Tutorials (1 – 5 x 3 + 1)
Aircraft Fam. and Student Pilot Syllabus
Lessons 1 – 7 (Straight & Level Flight through First Solo)
Must pass written with 80%
Successfully complete 3 times on small sim
Successfully complete 1 time on Main sim
Complete ERAU Aviation 101
6 quizzes and 2 tests
Student will receive zero points for all incomplete work – NO make-up / extra credit

25. Questions / Comments

26. Chapter 6 – Aircraft Systems
FAA – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

27. Today’s Mission Requirements
Identify in writing the primary systems found on most aircraft.
Describe the basic operation and characteristics of the primary aircraft systems.
EQ:
Describe the importance of Aeronautical Knowledge for the student pilot learning to fly.

28. Aircraft Systems Induction Systems
The induction system brings in air from the outside, mixes it with fuel, and delivers the fuel/air mixture to the cylinder where combustion occurs.
Outside air enters the induction system through an intake port on the front of the engine cowling.

29. Aircraft Systems Induction Systems
This port normally contains an air filter that inhibits the entry of dust and other foreign objects.
Since the filter may occasionally become clogged, an alternate source of air must be available.

30. Aircraft Systems Induction Systems
Two types of induction systems are commonly used in small aircraft engines:
1. The carburetor system, which mixes the fuel and air in the carburetor before this mixture enters the intake manifold.

31. Aircraft Systems Induction Systems
2. The fuel injection system, which mixes the fuel and air immediately before entry into each cylinder or injects fuel directly into each cylinder.

32. Aircraft Systems Carburetor Systems
Carburetors are classified as either float type or pressure type.

33. Aircraft Systems Carburetor Systems
The float type of carburetor is probably the most common of all carburetor types.

34. Aircraft Systems Float-Type Carburetor Systems
In the operation of the float-type carburetor system, the outside air first flows through an air filter.

35. Aircraft Systems Carburetor Systems
This filtered air flows into the carburetor and through a venturi, a narrow throat in the carburetor.

36. Aircraft Systems Carburetor Systems
When the air flows through the venturi, a low-pressure area is created, which forces the fuel to flow through a main fuel jet located at the throat.

37. Aircraft Systems Carburetor Systems
The fuel then flows into the airstream where it is mixed with the flowing air.

38. Aircraft Systems Carburetor Systems
The fuel/air mixture is then drawn through the intake manifold and into the combustion chambers where it is ignited.

39. Aircraft Systems Carburetor Systems
The flow of the fuel/air mixture to the combustion chambers is regulated by the throttle valve, which is controlled by the throttle in the flight deck.

40. Aircraft Systems Carburetor Systems
The chief disadvantage of the float carburetor, however, is its icing tendency.

41. Aircraft Systems Carburetor Systems
Since the float carburetor must discharge fuel at a point of low pressure, the discharge nozzle must be located at the venturi throat, and the throttle valve must be on the engine side of the discharge nozzle.

42. Aircraft Systems Carburetor Systems
This means the drop in temperature due to fuel vaporization takes place within the venturi.
As a result, ice readily forms in the venturi and on the throttle valve.

43. Aircraft Systems Mixture Control
Carburetors are normally calibrated at sea-level pressure, where the correct fuel-to-air mixture ratio is established with the mixture control set in the FULL RICH position.

44. Aircraft Systems Mixture Control
However, as altitude increases, the density of air entering the carburetor decreases, while the density of the fuel remains the same.

45. Aircraft Systems Mixture Control
This creates a progressively richer mixture, which can result in engine roughness and an appreciable loss of power.

46. Aircraft Systems Mixture Control
The roughness normally is due to spark plug fouling from excessive carbon buildup on the plugs.

47. Aircraft Systems Mixture Control
Carbon buildup occurs because the rich mixture lowers the temperature inside the cylinder, inhibiting complete combustion of the fuel.

48. Aircraft Systems Mixture Control
To maintain the correct fuel/air mixture, the mixture must be leaned using the mixture control.

49. Aircraft Systems Mixture Control
Leaning the mixture decreases fuel flow, which compensates for the decreased air density at high altitude.

50. Aircraft Systems Mixture Control
During a descent from high altitude, the mixture must be enriched, or it may become too lean.

51. Aircraft Systems Mixture Control
An overly lean mixture causes detonation, which may result in rough engine operation, overheating, and a loss of power.

52. Class Summary Induction, Carburetor Systems and Mixture Control
Basic induction system and air filter
Two types of Fuel systems
Float and fuel injection
Mixture Control

53. Questions / Comments

54. 1st Quarter Requirements (6 Class Meetings – Oct 14)
All students will complete the following:
Take notes - All in class quizzes and tests
Each day is worth 20pts - (4 day week 25pts)
Complete Flight Sim. Tutorials (1 – 5 x3 + 1)
Aircraft Fam. and Student Pilot Syllabus
Lessons 1 – 7 (Straight & Level Flight through First Solo)
Must pass written with 80%
Successfully complete 3 times on small sim
Successfully complete 1 time on Main sim
Complete ERAU Aviation 101
6 quizzes and 2 tests
Student will receive zero points for all incomplete work – NO make-up / extra credit

55. Lesson Closure - 3 – 2 - 1
2. List 2 things you have questions about today’s lesson.
3. List 3 things you learned today.
1. Create (1) quiz question with answer about today’s lesson.

56. Questions / Comments

57. Aircraft Systems Induction Systems
Usually, the alternate air comes from inside the engine cowling, where it by passes a clogged air filter.