1. THE MIDDLE COLONIES

2. Main Idea:
Events in England during and after the English Civil War led to a new wave of colonization along the Atlantic coast south of New England.

3. 1. What kind of colonies were the earliest colonies
1. What kind of colonies were the earliest colonies? A joint-stock colonies B royal colonies C proprietary colonies D self-governing colonies 2. Which colony was the only originally governed royal colony? A Massachusetts B Delaware C North Carolina D Connecticut 3. What happened to many of the proprietary colonies? A They were made part of other colonies. B They became self-governing. C They became royal colonies. D They became joint-stock companies. 4. Which colonies never became royal colonies? A Massachusetts and Connecticut B Rhode Island and Delaware C Virginia and South Carolina D Connecticut and Rhode Island

4. A New Era of Colonization:
After the English Civil War, the reign of Charles II was called the Restoration because it restored the English monarchy.
Charles repaid political favors by establishing proprietary colonies, grants of land to loyal friends.
Four new colonies were established: New York, New Jersey, Carolina, and Pennsylvania.
Colonies were governed by their Lords Proprietors.

5. Dutch in the New World 1625 – Settled in New Amsterdam
Fur Trading w/ Indians
Diverse Colony
18 languages spoken

6. Dutch buy Manhattan “Buy”
Two boxes of trade goods (hatchets, cloth, melting pots, and bright beads)
Equal 2,400 English Cents
Equal $24

7. Dutch Impact today New York is a huge melting pot
Dutch names still remain: Harlem, Brooklyn, Hell Gate
Architecture still the same
Dutch gave the New World – Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles, sauerkraut, bowling, sledding, and golf

8. New Netherland
The king granted the Duke of York land that included the area already claimed by the Dutch as New Netherland.
Their town, New Amsterdam, was thriving.
In 1664 an English fleet sailed into the harbor and demanded New Netherland’s surrender.
Gov. Stuyvesant surrendered.
By 1674 New Netherland was firmly in English hands.
The duke renamed it New York.

9. BIRTH OF NEW YORK
King Charles II gives colony to his brother, James, Duke of York
A “proprietary colony”
Colony renamed New York
New Amsterdam renamed New York City

10. New York and New Jersey
Had a diversified population: English, Dutch, Scandinavians, Germans, French, Native Americans, and enslaved Africans
Grew and prospered under English rule
A treaty with the Iroquois protected the fur trade.
The Duke of York gave the land south of the Hudson River to two of his political allies.
They named it New Jersey.
By early 1700s, New York and New Jersey became royal colonies.

11. New Jersey’s First Royal Governor
Lord Cornbury was a cross dresser who enjoyed wearing his wife’s dresses!

13. Why did William Penn settle the colony of Pennsylvania?
Civil war in England split the Penn family as it did the country. Admiral William Penn had first supported Parliament’s forces in their efforts to overthrow King Charles I. Later, he switched sides and made loans and gifts to restore the monarchy. His son William joined a religious sect known as the Quakers and was jailed for his criticism of English society and the church. When the monarchy was restored, King Charles II repaid his debt to Admiral Penn by giving the younger Penn North American land. Penn named his land Pennsylvania, or “Penn’s Woods,” and made it a refuge for Quakers and others fleeing religious persecution.

14. WILLIAM PENN Extraordinary gift from the king in 1680
Kings debt = Huge piece of land for Penn
Modern day states of Pennsylvania and Delaware
Planned Colony as a save haven

15. The Quakers
Of all the Nonconformist groups, the Quakers upset people the most.
They believed in direct, personal communication with God; they had no ministers or hierarchy of priests and bishops.
They had simple meetings where their members rose to speak.
They believed in the equality of all men and women.
They were pacifists who refused to fight in wars.
They were only welcomed in Rhode Island.

16. A Tolerant Colony
William Penn named his colony Pennsylvania and named the city Philadelphia, Greek for “City of Brotherly Love.”
In the 1600s, wars in Europe ruined farms and trade, and religious clashes caused social upheaval.
Penn offered refuge for Quakers and others suffering religious persecution.
He offered opportunities and land at reasonable prices.
German Protestant sects such as the Amish and Mennonites moved to Pennsylvania.
French Protestants, called Huguenots, settled there, too.

17. Delaware
In 1638 small colony of Swedes settled near present-day Wilmington, Delaware
In 1655 the Dutch took over New Sweden.
Later the colony was seized by England.
William Penn persuaded the duke of York to make him the proprietor of an area along the Delaware River and bay.
This was the area that would later became the colony of Delaware.
Control of this waterway gave Pennsylvania access to the Atlantic Ocean

18. Middle Colonies Economy
BREAD BASKET COLONIES
Farmers had many advantages:
Rich soil
Mild climate
Long growing season
Deep rivers

19. Shipping Many farmers shipped through Philadelphia and New York
Via the Delaware river and the Hudson river

20. Alcohol Colonists were heavy drinkers
Average white male colonist over the age of 15 drank the equivalent of one quart of 80-proof whiskey a week
Believed alcohol was nutritious and healthy
Even Puritans drank
Most popular drinks were fermented cider and rum