1. Aim: to what extent does (economic) development vary amongst countries?
APHG Development

2. But… Australian definition and ….
Economies of the World
Primary:
Secondary:
Tertiary:
Quaternary:
Quinary:
Quaternary Sector
The quaternary sector of the economy consists of intellectual activities. Activities associated with this sector include government, culture, libraries, scientific research, education, and information technology.
Quinary Sector
Some consider there to be a branch of the quaternary sector called the quinary sector, which includes the highest levels of decision making in a society or economy. This sector would include the top executives or officials in such fields as government, science, universities, nonprofit, healthcare, culture, and the media
But… Australian definition and ….

3. Economic Development Regions
MDCs (More Developed Countries)
LDCs (Less Developed Countries)
First World Countries
Second World Countries
Third World Countries
Non-Aligned Countries
BRIC(S) Countries
(Asian) Tigers
VOCABULARY
Cold War
“East” vs. “West”
“Western”

4. What?

8. Asian Tigers

9. What Does Developed Mean?
GDP, GNP, and GNI?
Per Capita Income?
Industry?
Life Expectancy?
Education?
Happiness?
What factors are considered?

10. GDP, GNP, and GNI
GDP = value of all goods and services produced within a country, within an economy over course of one year.
GNP = GDP + NR (income inflow from foreign assets) – NP (net income outflow to foreign assets)
GNI = GNP

11. Aim: to what extent does (economic) development vary amongst countries?
APHG Development

12. UN attempt to answer the question.
HDI
HDI (Human Development Index)
Economic (income)
Social (education)
Demographic (life expectancy)
UN attempt to answer the question.

13. How do you determine income and wealth?
Economic
How do you determine income and wealth?
GDP
Per Capita Income
Primary (farming, fishing, mining)
Secondary (manufacturing)
Tertiary (services)

14. Not all are included in the HDI
Social
Education
Literacy
Human Rights
Women’s Rights
Freedom of Speech
Etc. etc.
Happiness Index*
Not all are included in the HDI
Cadillac poolside commercial

15. Demographic
Life Expectancy

16. Where?
and
Why?

18. GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

19. GDP Per Capita

20. Per Capita GNI (Gross National Income)

21. Not per capita . Note the differences.

22. See 2015 chart on the next slide.
Exchange Rates as of 4/4/14
Value of foreign currencies in US dollars L
Can$ E
Au$ Y
Changes on a daily basis and is NOT a reflection of HDI. More accurately correlates to GDP and perceived flexibility and stability of the currency.
See 2015 chart on the next slide.

23. The US Dollar is strong right now.
Exchange Rates as of 3/28/15
Value of foreign currencies in US dollars
€ worth $1.088
£ worth $1.487
¥ worth $0.008
$ Can worth $0.792
$ Aus worth $0.775
R worth $0.08
Rs India worth $0.016
Rb worth $0.017
The US Dollar is strong right now.

24. The US Dollar is strong right now.
Exchange Rates as of 4/12/16
Value of foreign currencies in US dollars
€ worth $1.14
£ worth $1.43
¥ worth $0.0092
$ Can worth $0.78
$ Aus worth $0.77
R worth $0.068
Rs India worth $0.015
Rb worth $0.015
The US Dollar is strong right now.

25. The US Dollar is strong right now.
Exchange Rates as of 4/18/17
Value of foreign currencies in US dollars
€ worth $1.07
£ worth $1.28
¥ worth $0.0092
$ Can worth $0.75
$ Aus worth $0.76
R worth $0.075
Rs India worth $0.015
Rb worth $0.018
The US Dollar is strong right now.

26. Aim: to what extent does (economic) development vary amongst countries?
APHG Development

27. Life Expectancy

30. Gender Equality and Education

32. Aim: to what extent does economic development have an impact on human migration?

33. (Not taking love of country and immediate family into account etc
(Not taking love of country and immediate family into account etc.) Where would you choose to live if you were to emigrate from the USA? Why?

34. HDI

36. Economic Core - Periphery
BRICS Countries

37. Aim: to what extent are Wallerstein’s and Rostow’s Models an accurate representation of worldwide (economic) development?

38. World Systems Theory

39. What types of economies tend to dominate in the three world economy regions?

40. BTW: Wallerstein is an American sociologist born in NYC in 1930.
World Systems Theory
The modern world system is distinguished from (older) empires by its reliance on economic control of the world order by a dominating capitalist center in systemic economic and political relation to peripheral and semi peripheral world areas.
Wallerstein rejects the notion of a "Third World", claiming there is only one world connected by a complex network of economic exchange relationships — i.e., a "world-economy" or "world-system" in which the "dichotomy of capital and labor" and the endless "accumulation of capital" by competing agents (historically including but not limited to nation-states) account for frictions.
BTW: Wallerstein is an American sociologist born in NYC in 1930.

41. Mahan’s Sea Power Theory, 1890

42. The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660 – 1783
The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660 – (1890), Alfred Mahan. Based on analysis of the British. Influences the British, US, Japan, and Germany.

43. Halfred Mackinder
Heartland, 1904

44. Mini – not – so - tangent

45. Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland; who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island; who rules the World-Island controls the world." Mackinder, Democratic Ideals and Reality, p. 106

46. Rimland more important than Heartland. Geopolitical strategic location
Nicholas Spykman
Rimland more important than Heartland.
WWII
Geopolitical strategic location
Role of navy?
Cold War
“Who controls the Rimland rules Eurasia; Who rules Eurasia controls the destinies of the world.”

47. Rostow’s Model

48. MDCs and LDCs

51. Notice the Connection?

52. Aim: to what extent is economic development evenly spread amongst the geographic area of various individual countries?

53. USA

54. GDP by State

55. Regional GDP

56. Per Capita Income

57. % Living in Poverty

60. Regional European GDP

64. Aim: how and why does development vary amongst countries?

66. Country Development
Identify and associate at least one country, territory, “place,” and or region with each of Rostow’s stages of economic development.

68. Aim: to what extent does economic development vary amongst countries?
APHG Development

69. HDI

70. Per Capita GNI (Gross National Income)

71. Life Expectancy

72. School Enrollment

73. Going Back to the Cold War…

74. This map is still a vestige of the Cold War
1st, 2nd, 3rd World
Willie Brandt
This map is still a vestige of the Cold War

75. In the beginning…
The “West”
Western Civ., Western

76. The “West” dominates the World

77. See Industrialization PPT