1. Basic Parenthetical (In-text) Citation Set-up
for quoted material,
copy text verbatim (word for word) with correct spelling and punctuation
do not put extra spacing in front of or behind the parentheses or quotation marks
give the author’s last name of your source and the page number where the information can be found in the article or book
do not indicate the word “page” in any way; just give the page number.
If you are using an electronic source, you’ll need to print out the article and indicate the page number of the print-out.
Example:
Ex. By 1592, Shakespeare “was a dramatist of recognized achievement” though his “deeply contemplative dramas” were yet to come (Rosenblum 67).

2. Basic Parenthetical (In-text) Citation Set-up
for paraphrased material,
use the idea of the text but put the idea into your own words; change the wording significantly so that it does not resemble quoted material
do not use quotation marks
give credit to your source in the same manner as the quoted material is cited
Ex: By the early part of the 1590’s, Shakespeare’s reputation and fame as a dramatist gained great recognition even before he began writing his most significant tragedies (Rosenblum 67 ).

3. BLENDING QUOTES
When you quote from works in your essay, you MUST BLEND THE QUOTES into your own sentences.
There are several ways to do this: The example quote is from A Separate Peace Gene in chapter 1: "Nothing endures, not a tree, not love, not even a death by violence" (6). (Please pay particular attention to the use of the quotation marks, page documentation, and end punctuation.)

4. Blend a portion of the quote into your own sentence:
When Gene says "nothing endures, not a tree, not love, not even a death by violence," he reveals that he has learned a valuable life lesson (6).

5. Introduce a quote that is itself a complete sentence with an independent clause (complete sentence) followed by a colon:
Gene learned a valuable life lesson: "Nothing endures, not a tree, not love, not even a death by violence" (6).

6. Take small portions of the quote and blend into your own sentence:
Gene says that "nothing endures" and even claims that a "death by violence" never lasts, as well (6).

7. Use an ellipsis when you wish to omit a word or phrase from a quoted passage. For an ellipsis within a sentence, use three periods with a space before and after each one.
In explaining Gene's maturity after fifteen years, John Knowles writes that Gene knows that "nothing endures, not a tree ... not even a death by violence" (6).

8. When you quote from a literary work or use a quote to support a persuasive argument, you must follow this quote with three or four commentary or analysis sentences. These sentences clarify the point in the quote.
Three commentary sentences that could follow the "nothing endures" quote are: With this comment, John Knowles provides the reader with immediate insight into Gene's maturity and self. discovery. Gene has now, fifteen years later, declared that he has changed from a self-conscious, envious person to one who has "killed" the savage within himself. He now knows that everything changes, even his own inner self.

9. Extended or Long Quotes
     Long quotes are typed so that each line is double tabbed
     Long quotes are always direct (word for word) and a minimum of 4 sentences in length
      Long quotes do not need quotation marks; the indent at the start of each line indicates a direct quote
     The ending punctuation goes directly after the quote, before the parenthetical citation

10. Example
Lynda Boose identifies a conflict within this feminist examination:
With a certain irony, it can be said that psychoanalytic theory – which assumes the transhistorical nature of the family unit – had to feminist explorers so strikingly appropriate a compass for remapping Shakespearean drama precisely because the Shakespearean family seemed to resemble our own modern one so closely.  Even the Christian marriage has changed but negligibly from the ritual alluded in Shakespeare’s plays. (Carson 614)