1. Immanuel Kant & Categorical Imperative
Presented By:
#Andrea Ko & #25 Tim Lin

2. Agenda Who is Immanuel Kant?
Introduction of the Categorical Imperative
Formulations of the Categorical Imperative
1. Formula of Universality and the Law of Nature
2. The Formula of Humanity
3. The Formula of Autonomy
(The Formula of Kingdom of Ends)
Andrea
Tim

3. Who is Immanuel Kant? German Idealist philosopher
Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Political Theory, & Aesthetics
Central figure of modern philosophy
Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals
Immanuel Kant
1724 ~ 1804

4. Introduction of the Categorical Imperative
Benefits of religion (Moral Values)
Downfall of religion
The supreme principle of morality is a standard of rationality
Categorical Imperative = “The clear and ultimate rule”
3 Formulations of the Categorical Imperative & Others

5. Formula of Universality and the Law of Nature
“Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law without contradiction.”
— Immanuel Kant, Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals

6. Four Steps to Achieve Formula of Universality and the Law of Nature
“Formulate a maxim that enshrines your reason for acting as you propose. “
“Recast that maxim as a universal law of nature governing all rational agents, and so as holding that all must, by natural law, act as you yourself propose to act in these circumstances. “
“Consider whether your maxim is even conceivable in a world governed by this law of nature. “

7. Perfect Duty

8. Four Steps to Achieve Formula of the Universality and the Law of Nature
4. Ask yourself whether you would, or could, rationally will to act on your maxim in such a world.

9. Imperfect Duty

10. Formula of Humanity
“Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never merely as a means to an end, but always at the same time as an end.”
— Immanuel Kant, Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals

11. Formula of Autonomy
“Thus the third practical principle follows [from the first two] as the ultimate condition of their harmony with practical reason: the idea of the will of every rational being as a universally legislating will.” — Immanuel Kant, Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals

12. The Formula of The Kingdom of Ends
“Act according to maxims of a universally legislating member of a merely possible kingdom of ends” — Immanuel Kant, Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals

13. References for Pictures (In order of appearance)
Pic 1: wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FImmanuel_Kant&psig=AFQjCNGAA8mvlFYvem4HQoeB3Wz4AmhN3w&ust=
Pic 2: n.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThe_Metaphysics_of_Morals&psig=AFQjCNFi9ESRFnBxNOdtkAOFiIDlzdNhOA&ust=
Pic 3: n.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FImmanuel_Kant&psig=AFQjCNGAA8mvlFYvem4HQoeB3Wz4AmhN3w&ust=
Pic 4 & 8:
Pic 5:
Pic 6:
Pic 7:

14. References
Beginner's Guide to Kant's Moral Philosophy. Perf. Olly. Beginner's Guide to Kant's Moral Philosophy. Philosophy Tube, 10 June Web. 11 Dec <
Johnson, Robert. "Kant's Moral Philosophy." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University, 23 Feb Web. 11 Dec < moral/>.
Kant & Categorical Imperatives: Crash Course Philosophy #35. Perf. Hank Green. Kant & Categorical Imperatives: Crash Course Philosophy #35. CrashCourse, 14 Nov Web. 11 Dec <
Kant, Immanuel. "Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. First Section: Transition from the Common Rational Knowledge of Morality to the Philosophical. Immanuel Kant Literary and Philosophical Essays. The Harvard Classics." Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. First Section: Transition from the Common Rational Knowledge of Morality to the Philosophical. Immanuel Kant Literary and Philosophical Essays. The Harvard Classics. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec <
Kant, Immanuel. "Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. Preface. Immanuel Kant Literary and Philosophical Essays. The Harvard Classics." Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. Preface. Immanuel Kant Literary and Philosophical Essays. The Harvard Classics. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec <
Kant, Immanuel. "Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. Second Section: Transition from Popular Moral Philosophy to the Metaphysic of Morals. Immanuel Kant Literary and Philosophical Essays. The Harvard Classics." Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. Second Section: Transition from Popular Moral Philosophy to the Metaphysic of Morals. Immanuel Kant Literary and Philosophical Essays. The Harvard Classics. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec <
Kant, Immanuel. "Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. Third Section: Transition from Metaphysic of Morals to the Critique of Pure Practical Reason. Immanuel Kant Literary and Philosophical Essays. The Harvard Classics." Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. Third Section: Transition from Metaphysic of Morals to the Critique of Pure Practical Reason. Immanuel Kant Literary and Philosophical Essays. The Harvard Classics. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec <
Lee, Richard. "Perfect and Imperfect Duties." Introduction to Philosophy: Overhead. Richard Lee, 27 Sept Web. 11 Dec < resources/rlee/intrsp07/oh/k-perf.html>.
Shakil, Ali. "Deontology - Kantian Duty-Based Ethics - Seven Pillars Institute." Seven Pillars Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec < 101/kantian-duty-based-deontological-ethics>.
"Study Guide: Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)." Aesthetics : The Key Thinkers (n.d.): n. pag. Kant. Idaho State University. Web. 11 Dec <

15. ~ Thank You ~
“Two things awe me most, the starry sky above me and the moral law within me.” 
- Immanuel Kant