1. Organic Chemistry Notes
EQ: How does the valence electron structure of carbon allow
For so much diversity in bonding?

2. Carbon is unique Carbon has 4 bonding electrons
Carbon can form a large variety of compounds
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & nucleic acids
Organic Chemistry is the study of Carbon and its properties.

3. Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only hydrogen and Carbon
Hydrocarbons are named by the types of bonds between C atoms
Alkanes
Single bonds between Carbons
Alkenes
One or more double bonds between Carbons
Alkynes
One or more triple bonds between carbons.

5. Naming Hydrocarbons
Chains are named by the number of carbons in the chain and the type of bond between the carbons.
# of Carbons Prefix
1 Meth
2 Eth
3 Prop
4 But
5 Pent
6 Hex
7 Hept
8 Oct
9 Non
10 Dec

6. Alkanes
Used in fuels and solvents, paint removers, glues and other products.
Straight chains are named based on the number of single bonded carbon atoms.
Saturated hydrocarbons, all single bonds.

8. Alkenes Have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
Use the same prefixes and number the carbon(s) where the double bond is found
Draw:
2 pentene
4, 6 Decene
Name:
1-butene

9. Alkynes Have one or more triple bonds between the carbon atoms.
Ethyne, known more commonly as acetylene, is the most important commercial alkyne (welding)
Use the same prefixes and number the carbon(s) where the triple bond is found
Draw:
3- heptyne
2, 5 octyne
Name:
8-nonyne

10. Branched Smaller branches coming off of the parent chain
Number the Carbon atoms from left to right
Named by the number of the carbon they come off of & the number of carbons in the branch
Draw:
3 ethyl hexane
2 methyl 3-heptene
2methyl, 4 ethyl, 5 octyne

11. Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Have a six carbon ring in their structure: benzene
Typically have a unique aroma
In this hexagon, each corner represents a carbon atom.
The circle in the middle of the structure represents the cloud of six electrons that are shared equally by the six carbon atoms in the molecule.

13. Substituted Hydrocarbons
Have a hydrocarbon backbone with other atoms substituted for part of the hydrocarbon
The substituted structure is called a functional group.

14. Polymers
A large molecule that is made up of many smaller, repeating units is called a polymer
Monomer: small individual unit bonded together make up polymer
May be same or different
Synthetic
Man-made, sports & winter protection, balls, turf
Natural
Silk, cellulose

16. Polymer Example:
Draw the structure of the polymer that will be formed from the monomer shown.
Answer: