1. Plagiarism and “Fair Use” of Copyright Protected Materials(
Plagiarism and “Fair Use” of Copyright Protected Materials
Beaty – Warren Middle School
Library Media Center

2. What is plagiarism? And why should you care?!?
Plagiarism is the act of presenting
the words, ideas, images, sounds, or
the creative expression of others as
your own.
And why should you care?!?
What is plagiarism?
The MLA handbook for Writers of Research Papers, sixth edition, tells us that the word plagiarism is derived from the Latin word plagiarius which means “kidnapper”.
Plagiarism involves two categories:
Using another person’s ideas, information or written words without permission or credit to the person
Representing another person’s ideas, information or written word as your own

3. Forms of Plagiarism Direct Quote Paraphrasing Wording
Information Not Generally Known
Original Thinking
Forms of Plagiarism
A Direct Quote: using the exact words from a source
Using Particular Phrases: using sections of the source’s exact words
Paraphrasing Wording: using synonyms to rephrase the original sources content
Information Not Generally Known: Some information is generally known about a subject or “encyclopedia like” in nature. If you include information that is not generally known, the reader then knows that you found that information in more of a “specialized” source. Credit must be given to the original author of that information.
Original Thinking: Information that comes from the original thought or research of an individual person or group must be given credit.

4. Plagiarism may happen:
Intentional
Copying a friend’s work
Buying or borrowing papers
Cutting and pasting blocks of text from electronic sources
Using information without documentation
Web publishing without permissions of creators
Unintentional
Careless paraphrasing
Poor documentation
Quoting excessively
Failure to use your own “voice” or words
You have plagiarized if…. (taken directly from the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, sixth edition, section 2.8, p. 75)
you took notes that did not distinguish summary and paraphrase from quotations and then you presented wording from the notes as if it were all your own.
while browsing the Web, you copied text and pasted it into your paper without quotation marks or without citing the source.
you presented facts without saying where you found them.
you repeated or paraphrased someone’s wording without acknowledgement.
you took someone’s unique or particularly apt phrase without acknowledgment.
you paraphrased someone’s argument or presented someone’s line of thought without acknowledgement.
you bought or otherwise acquired a research paper and handed in part or all of it as your own.

5. You probably have plagiarized…
IF...
you have included the words and ideas of others in your work that you neglected to cite
you have had help you wouldn’t want your teacher to know about

6. (Sports…blah, blah… too much homework!)
Excuses
Everyone does it!
It’s okay if
I don’t get caught!
I was too busy to
write that paper!
(Sports…blah, blah… too much homework!)
This assignment
was BORING!
It was to
hard!! I can’t
do it!
My teachers
expect
too much!
My parents
expect “A”s!

7. original ideas without few words, I’m okay, right?
What’s the big deal?
Wrong! Paraphrasing
original ideas without
documenting
your source,
is plagiarism too!
If I change a
few words, I’m okay, right?

8. Rationale for academic integrity (as if it were necessary!)
Is your academic
reputation valuable
to you?
When you copy you cheat yourself. You limit your own learning.
The consequences are not worth the risks!
It is only right to give credit to authors whose ideas you use
Citing gives authority to the information you present
Citing makes it possible for your readers to locate your source
Education is not an “us vs. them” game! It’s about learning to learn!
Cheating is unethical behavior

9. You can avoid plagiarism by…
Making a list of the sources you use
Marking clearly in your notes which are paraphrased and which are quotes
Including all resources used in a “Works Cited” or “Works Consulted” page
Checking with your teacher when you are uncertain about the use of your source
Q and P
You can avoid plagiarism by…. (taken directly from the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, sixth edition, section 2.8, p. 75)
making a list of the writers and viewpoints you discovered in your research and using this list to double-check the presentation of material in your paper.
keeping the following three categories distinct in your notes: your ideas, your summaries of other’s material, and exact wording you copy.
identifying the sources of all material you borrow—exact wording, paraphrases, ideas, arguments, and facts.
checking with your instructor when you are uncertain about your use of sources.

10. Possible school consequences:
“0” on the assignment
Parent notification
Referral to administrators
Suspension or dismissal from school activities--sports and extracurricular
Note on student record
Loss of reputation among the school community
Is it worth
the risk?

11. WCSD Consequences: Student Discipline Code – J.
STEALING OF SCHOOL PROPERTY OR THE PROPERTY OF OTHERS. (
#1 Offense - conference and up to 3 days suspension #2 Offense - 1 to 10 days suspension #3 Offense - 3 to 10 days suspension #4 Offense - 3 to 10 days suspension and referral to the hearing officer for further discipline
Restitution must be made in each case
Plagiarism is an infringement of copyright and sever consequences can occur. Students who are found to be in violation of plagiarism will suffer severe penalties as dictated by the Warren County School District Student Discipline Code – J. STEALING OF SCHOOL PROPERTY OR THE PROPERTY OF OTHERS.
#1 Offense - conference and up to 3 days suspension #2 Offense - 1 to 10 days suspension #3 Offense - 3 to 10 days suspension #4 Offense - 3 to 10 days suspension and referral to the hearing officer for further discipline
Restitution must be made in each case

12. What you can do… Very few people are original creators of a work,
so you can borrow
their work under
certain conditions.

13. Use these three strategies:
Quoting
Paraphrasing
Summarizing
To blend source materials in with your own, making sure your own “voice” is heard. That means putting it in your own words

14. Quotations must be cited!
Quoting
Quotations are the exact words of an author,
copied directly from a source, word for word.
Quotations must be cited!
Use quotations when:
You want to add the power of an author’s words to support your argument
You want to disagree with an author’s argument
You want to highlight particularly eloquent or powerful phrases or passages
You are comparing and contrasting specific points of view
You want to note the important research that precedes your own

15. Paraphrasing Paraphrase when:
Paraphrasing means rephrasing the words of an author, putting
his/her thoughts in your own words. When you paraphrase, you
rework the source’s ideas, words, phrases, and sentence
structures with your own.
Like quotations, paraphrased material must be followed
with in-text documentation and cited on your Works-Cited
page.
Paraphrase when:
You plan to use information on your note cards and wish to avoid plagiarizing
You want to avoid overusing quotations
You want to use your own voice to present information
When paraphrasing…
Be sure you are not just rearranging or replacing words
Rewrite the phrase in your own words and credit the original source
Double check what you have written by comparing it with the original writing.

16. Summarizing Summarize when:
Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) of one or several writers into your own words, including only the main point(s). Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material.
Again, it is necessary to attribute summarized
ideas to their original sources.
Summarize when:
You want to establish background or offer an overview of a topic
You want to describe knowledge (from several sources) about a topic
You want to determine the main ideas of a single source

17. “Fair Use” of Copyrighted Material
Allows you,
as a student,
to have some rights that
the general public does
not have…

18. “Fair Use” Allows However there are… LIMITS
You may use material for criticism,
comment, news reporting, teaching,
scholarship, and research.
However there are…
LIMITS

19. May only be used for educational purposes in an educational setting.
Copyrighted Material
May only be used for educational
purposes in an educational setting.
Text Materials
Internet Resources
Video
Music
Illustrations & Photographs
(REMEMBER… that when you use graphics in a paper, on a poster, in a PowerPoint, etc., you must note where you got it underneath the picture.)
General Rule of
10%

20. What would happen if there was no copyright?
No one could earn M$NEY from
Their creative ideas and endeavors
Writers would not write
Musicians would not write and perform music
Artists would not create paintings, sculpture, etc.
Plays would not be written or performed
Choreographers would not create dance
Movies would not be filmed
Architects would not design buildings

21. Detecting plagiarism…
Prevention
Program
Plagiarism Prevention
Recognized worldwide as the standard in online plagiarism prevention, Turnitin helps educators and students take full advantage of the internet's educational potential.

22. Works Consulted Becker, Gary H. Copyright: A Guide to Information and
Resources. Gary H. Becker, 2003.
Joseph, Linda C. “Adventures of CyberBee”. A Gateway to Educational Material. 10 Feb Feb <
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers.
New York: The Modern Language Association of
America, 2003.
Pennsylvania Department of Education. “Assessment: Resources
Materials” Jan <
Simpson, Carol. Copyright for Schools: A Practical Guide, Third
Edition. Worthington, OH: Linworth, 2001.
Sebranek, Patrick. Writers INC: A Student Handbook for Writing
and Learning. Lexington, MA: DE Heath & Company, 1996.
Valenza, Joyce Kaman. Power Research Tools: Learning Activities and Posters. American Library Association, 2003.
WCSD Board of Directors. Discipline Code. August 12, 2002.