1. A Character Analysis on Ebenezer Scrooge in the Novel “A Christmas Carol” by Charles Dickens
Name : MELIA
NPM :
Advisor : Taufiq Effendi, S.Pd., M.Ed., M. TESOL

2. Background of the Research
Literature is a beautiful art. It is written by the beauty of the language and the power of imagination. It takes an understanding and knowledge to study literature. Literature has been widely known by many people and experts. Literature helps readers to develop sensitivities to language, gender, race, and culture. It provides a forum for exploration and opportunity to emerge beyond one’s self, to see through another eyes, and live as someone else.
Literature has three main subjects. These subjects are: poetry, prose, and novel. Novel itself is one of the most popular literary work. People get inspired by reading it and it is one of the easiest media to show about human life. The rich varieties of novels available today have the power to invite readers to enter the story world and experience the lives of the characters in a profound way. Analyzing characteristic of characters in a novel is very interesting. Through analyzing characters, we may know the personalities of the person in the novel.
A Christmas Carol is a novel about the success of a businessman who didn’t respect Christmas and didn’t care about other people but then change into a kind and caring person. This novel is good to spiritual reflection. This novel has a good value to people. The value in A Christmas Carol is that we must respect our religion, care for others, and love our family. Not all novels discuss about having respect in their religion. So the writer find that this novel is worth it to be analyze.

3. Problem Formulation
What are the characteristics of Ebenezer Scrooge in the novel?
Scope of the Research
The writer scopes this research only on the characteristics of Ebenezer Scrooge from the novel A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens so it can make the writer explain more easily and detail about the subject which is discussed.
Aim of the Research
To find out the characteristics of Ebenezer Scrooge in the novel.

4. Elements of Personality
According to the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud (1997:5), personality consists of three elements:
Id is psychic energy and instinct that makes people to fulfill their basic needs, such as food, sex, denying a pain, and inconvenience.
Ego is trapped between two opposing forces: the id and superego. The ego operates to fulfill the individual enjoyment without causing harm to itself or to the Id.
Superego refers to the morality in personality. Superego similar with conscience which able to recognize the good and the bad.

5. Research Method
In this research, the writer uses a descriptive qualitative method. By using descriptive qualitative method, the writer collected, classified, analyzed the data, and drew a conclusion.
Qualitative research is used in this research because the data are not a statistical data. The data are descriptive since the data are in the form of words rather than numbers (Bogdan and Biklen, 1992:30). The source of data are taken from novels, internet, and dictionaries.

6. Research Method Technique of Collecting Data
1.Read the novel carefully.
2.Identify the sentences that express the characteristics of Ebenezer Scrooge, the main character of the novel.
3.Search data from library and internet.
Technique of Analyzing Data
1.Read the novel once again.
2.Analyze sentences that are related to the main character.
3.Underline and group sentences according to the characteristics of the main character.

7. The Characteristics of Ebenezer Scrooge
Before Meeting with The Three Spirits
1. Cold-hearted
2. Isolated
3. Miserly
After Meeting with The Three Spirits
1. Godly
2. Friendly
3. Generous

8. Before Meeting with The Three Spirits
1. Cold-hearted
No.
Data Identification
Text
Direct
Indirect
Plot
Elements of Personality
Chapter 1 1
“Hard and sharp as flint, from which no steel had ever struck out generous fire; secret, and self-contained, and solitary as an oyster. The cold within him froze his old features, nipped his pointed nose, shrivelled his cheek, stiffened his gait; made his eyes red, his thin lips blue; and spoke out shrewdly in his grating voice. A frosty rime was on his head, and on his eyebrows, and his wiry chin. He carried his own low temperature always about with him; he iced his office in the dog-days; and didn’t thaw it one degree at Christmas.” (Chapter I : 8)
Introduction/
Exposition
 Id

9. Before Meeting with The Three Spirits
2. Isolated 4
“But what did Scrooge care! It was the very thing he liked. To edge his way along the crowded paths of life, warning all human sympathy to keep its distance, was what the knowing ones call “nuts” to Scrooge.” (Chapter I : 9)
Introduction/
Exposition Id

10. After Meeting with The Three Spirits
Godly
2. Generous 13
“He went to church, …” (Chapter V: 89) 
Resolution
Superego 16
“A merry Christmas, Bob!” said Scrooge, with an earnestness that could not be mistaken, as he clapped him on the back. “A merrier Christmas, Bob, my good fellow, than I have given you for many a year! I’ll raise your salary, and endeavor to assist your struggling family, and we will discuss your affairs this very afternoon, over a Christmas bowl of smoking bishop, Bob! Make up the fires, and buy another coal-scuttle before you dot another, Bob Crachit!” (Chapter V: ) 
Resolution
 Superego

11. CONCLUSION Characteristics of Ebenezer Scrooge
Based on the result of the research, the writer found that the characteristics of Ebenezer Scrooge are cold-hearted, isolated, and miserly before meeting with The Three Spirits, and are godly, friendly, and generous after meeting with The Three Spirits.

12. SUGGESTION
For other researchers who wanted to analyze the characteristics of Ebenezer Scrooge in the novel A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, they can analyze the character by using a certain approaches, like sociological approach, humanistic approach, etc. They can also analyze the characteristics of other characters like Tiny Tim, etc.

13. The End