1. Challenging Segregation Pgs. 630 - 639
Chapter 18.2
Challenging Segregation
Pgs

2. The Sit-in Movement 4 Freshmen in Greensboro North Carolina
Decided to attempt a sit-in at Woolworth’s
This is both a retail store & lunch counter
They were the store but not the counter
They stayed until the end of the day.
And then the word spread
29 the next day and over 300 in a week
Spread across the country
Addressed the slow pace of the movement
Gave students a way to participate

3. Cont. There were concerns though
Could students maintain non-violence?
Most could – despite serious attacks
Saw a need to coordinate their efforts
Created the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Helped bring young people to the movement
The Voter Registration Project
Three young volunteers were murdered
2 were white and the third black
It was the police who helped kill them

4. The Freedom Riders The Riders In 1961 CORE wants to test the law
Freedom Riders take to the buses
Expected “desegregation for a day”
Got violence from the south
Busses were attacked, firebombed, people arrested & beaten
The Riders still came

5. Cont. Kennedy and Civil Rights Promised support for the movement
Once president however…
A few steps in the right direction
The Justice Department Takes Action
Bobby Kennedy starts investigations
Offered help to Freedom Riders
Wanted a “cooling off”
Negotiated an end to the violence
The busses kept rolling
President Kennedy finally took action

6. Cont. James Meredith Air Force Veteran wants to attend Ole’ Miss
Technically it is desegregated… but not really
Governor of Mississippi literally blocks his way
Kennedy sent in the US Marshals
A riot broke out that lasted over a day
Violence lead to many Marshals being injured
Kennedy sent in the Army to take control
Meredith graduates from the University of Mississippi (Ole ’Miss)

7. Violence in Birmingham
Frustration Mounts with Kennedy
The government only gets into it when there is violence
King decides to “stir the pot”
Goes to Birmingham Alabama, the most segregated city
King is arrested – Letter from Birmingham Jail
After King is released the protests take off
The National spotlight is on Birmingham
The President is forced to take action