1. UNIT I OVERVIEW & INSTRUCTIONS
CS6303 COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
UNIT I OVERVIEW & INSTRUCTIONS
Eight ideas – Components of a computer system – Technology – Performance – Power wall – Uniprocessors to multiprocessors; Instructions – operations and operands – representing instructions – Logical operations – control operations – Addressing and addressing modes.
Eight Ideas

2. Recall the Prior Knowledge
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A.Aruna / CS6303 /Eight Ideas

3. Eight Ideas Design for Moore’s Law Use abstraction to simplify design
Make the common case fast
Performance via parallelism
Performance via pipelining
Performance via prediction
Hierarchy of memories
Dependability via redundancy
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A.Aruna / CS6303 /Eight Ideas

4. Design for Moore's law Gordon Moore – 1965
Integrated circuit resources double every 18–24 months.
computer designs can take years, the resources available per chip can easily double or quadruple between the start and finish of the project.
Graph to represent designing for rapid change.
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A.Aruna / CS6303 /Eight Ideas

5. Use abstraction to simplify design
Invent techniques to make themselves more productive, for otherwise design time would lengthen as dramatically as resources grew
To represent the design at different levels of representation
Lower-level details are hidden to offer a simpler model at higher levels.
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A.Aruna / CS6303 /Eight Ideas

6. Make the common case fast
To enhance performance better than optimizing the rare case.
The common case is oft en simpler than the rare case
9/12/2018
A.Aruna / CS6303 /Eight Ideas

7. Performance via parallelism
Offered designs that get more performance by performing operations in parallel.
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A.Aruna / CS6303 /Eight Ideas

8. Performance via pipelining
Overlapping of instruction
Our pipeline icon is a sequence of pipes, with each section representing one stage of the pipeline.
9/12/2018
A.Aruna / CS6303 /Eight Ideas

9. Performance via prediction
It can be better to ask for forgiveness than to ask for permission
Guess and start working rather than wait until you know for sure, assuming that the mechanism to recover from a misprediction is not too expensive and your prediction is relatively accurate.
Use the fortune-teller's crystal ball as our prediction icon.
9/12/2018
A.Aruna / CS6303 /Eight Ideas

10. Hierarchy of memories
Memory to be fast, large, and cheap – For Programmer
Cost of memory today is often the majority of computer cost.
9/12/2018
A.Aruna / CS6303 /Eight Ideas

11. 9/12/2018
A.Aruna / CS6303 /Eight Ideas

12. Upper Level faster Registers Instr. Operands Blocks Memory Pages Files
CPU Registers
100s Bytes
1s ns
Cache
K Bytes
4 ns
1-0.1 cents/bit
Main Memory
M Bytes
100ns- 300ns
$ cents /bit
Disk
G Bytes, 10 ms (10,000,000 ns)
cents/bit -5 -6
Capacity
Access Time
Cost
Tape
infinite
sec-min 10 -8
Registers
Memory
Instr. Operands
Blocks
Pages
Files
Upper Level
Lower Level
faster
Larger
9/12/2018
A.Aruna / CS6303 /Eight Ideas

13. Dependability via Redundancy
Computers not only need to be fast; they need to be dependable.
Since any physical device can fail, we make systems dependable by including redundant components that can take over when a failure occurs and to help detect failures.
Use the tractor-trailer as our icon
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A.Aruna / CS6303 /Eight Ideas

14. Upcoming
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A.Aruna / CS6303 /Eight Ideas

15. 9/12/2018
A.Aruna / CS6303 /Eight Ideas