2. ISO 9000 Series
A set of international standards on quality management and quality assurance developed to help companies effectively document the quality system elements to be implemented to maintain an efficient quality system.
Quality Glossary Definition

3. ISO 9000 Series
ISO 9001: sets out the requirements of a quality management system
ISO 9000: covers the basic concepts and language
ISO 9004: focuses on how to make a quality management system more efficient and effective
ISO 19011: sets out guidance on internal and external audits of quality management systems.

5. ISO and Quality Management Principles
Customer Focus
Leadership
Involvement of People
Process Approach
System Approach to Management
Continual Improvement
Factual approach to decision making
Mutually Beneficial Supplier Relationship

6. Benefit of ISO
Cost savings - International Standards help optimize operations and therefore improve the bottom line
Enhanced customer satisfaction - International Standards help improve quality, enhance customer satisfaction and increase sales
Access to new markets - International Standards help prevent trade barriers and open up global markets
Increased market share - International Standards help increase productivity and competitive advantage
Environmental benefits - International Standards help reduce negative impacts on the environment

7. ISO and Nepal
Nepal is the agro-based nation, so there is less number of industries,
Only two Nepalese Food Companies have achieved ISO certification such as Chaudhary Group, and Nebiko Company,
Hill-Take, Panchakanya, Jagadamba Cement, Nepaltop, DAV school,

8. Nepal Standard (NS)
Nepal Standard on Quality Control (NSQC) deals with a firm’s responsibilities for its system of quality control for audits and reviews of financial statements, and other assurance and related services engagements.
Nepal Standard is similar to ISO series but is only effective in Nepal. It regulates the quality of products and is under the Ministry of Commerce and Suppliers

9. Seven Tools for Quality

10. Flow Chart Flow Chart is the graphical presentation of processes,
It shows all the steps clearly making the investigator aware of the possible errors that might take place in each successive steps.
In the course of production, some stage are easier, and some are prone to mistakes; thus, flow chart makes it easy for investigator to promptly point out the possible place of encountering the error,

11. Flow Chart Showing Software Development Process
Start
The Design and Coding steps are sensitive steps.
There is high possibility of encountering error.
The quality of software is determined by design and coding steps.
Software Developers when testing the software focuses on design and coding.
Design
Coding
Testing
Design/Code error
Yes
Error No
End

12. Check Sheet
Check Sheet is a document that records and organizes the data to identify the problem.
the check sheet records both quantitative and qualitative data, however, check sheet is used to measure quantitative data.
Check Sheet is also sometimes called tally sheet while measuring quantitative data.
Check sheet is one the simplest tools that measures the frequency of the occurrence of any events.

13. It is the simple quantitative check sheet showing telephone interruptions.
There are 49 total calls in the week out of which 20 are wrong number,
On Friday, there is the highest numbers of wrong number,
Friday has highest number of incomings with 13 telephone calls.

14. Histogram
Histogram is the graphically represented mathematical tools used to visualize the quantitative data,
It represents the data collected in the check sheet in the diagrammatical form with easy interpretative capability,
It is a chart of an empirical frequency distribution,
It is one of the most used quality control tools which clearly represents the data making easy for investigators

15. HISTOGRAM
Histogram showing the each steps in software development along with their respective numbers of errors.
Design and Coding steps encounters highest number of errors.

16. Pareto Analysis
Pareto Analysis is the graphically tools that helps to classify the problems according to the degree of importance, and focusing on the most important.
It was developed by Vilfredo Pareto, and according to him, relatively few factors generally account for a large percentage of total cases.
It is also called rule, 20 percentage of the important factors are responsible for 80 percentage of problems,
The most important factor is highlighted to reduce the maximum number of errors.

17. Pareto Analysis Steps Numbers of Error Cumulative Error
Percentage of Error
Coding
207
Designing
189
396
Testing 64
460
Start 50
510
Pareto Analysis
Steps
Numbers of Error
Cumulative Error
Percentage of Error
Coding
207
Designing
189
396
Testing 64
460
Start 50
510
Shown in
Histogram
Line Graph
Important Factors
Or Steps

18. Scatter Diagram
Scatter Diagram is the graphical tool that shows the degree and direction of relationship between two variables.
The scatter diagram is most often used to interpret correlation and regression of a given set of data,
If the dots are moving upward, then there is positive relationship between two variables, and vice-versa.
Facilitates investigators of quickly acknowledge the ongoing trend, and anticipate the possible problem,

19. Scatter Diagram
The higher the correlation between the two variables, the less scatter in the points X Y O
Positive Correlation
Perfectly

20. The Dotted spot are scatter over a large portion,
The dots are gradually moving upwards,
There is positive correlation between New Hiring, and Number of Defective products,
Assist investigators to control the possibility of defects through training and supervision

21. Control Chart
Control chart is the statistical chart of time ordered values of a simple statistic.
It is also called Process-Behavior Chart,
The control chart on X-axis measure time, and on Y-axis measures other variables such as production, temperature…
A control chart consists of:
Points representing a statistic of measurements of a quality characteristic in samples taken from the process at different times
The mean of this statistic using all the samples is calculated
A center line is drawn at the value of the mean of the statistic
Upper and lower control limits

22. Control Chart

23. Fishbone Diagram There is solution for every problem,
The root problem (primary cause) must be identified for its permanent solution,
The diagram shows all the possible causes related to the effect,
It was developed by Prof. Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa, so called Ishikawa Diagram too

25. Sources https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9000#Global_adoption