1. The Civil War (1861-1865) Through Maps, Charts, Graphs & Pictures

2. North vs. South in 1861

3. Which side had the advantage at the outset of the war?

4. Advantages of the Union (North)?
population - 22 million
90% of ind. goods, esp. munitions
efficient railroad system
controlled the navy, which could be used to blockade s. ports and shut down the s. eco.
but would have to fight an offensive war (long supply lines, unfamiliar territory...)
capable mil. leaders, inc. Ulysses S. Grant

5. Confederate (Rebel) advantages (South) and disadvantages
Excellent generals
Robert E. Lee and Thomas Jackson
Defending easier than attacking
(familiar w/climate and territory, possible psychological advantages)
Farmers fight better than factory workers
Profitable eco. based on cotton exports
But disadvantages…
a smaller pop. of 9 million (inc. 3.5 million slaves)
had to import ind. goods; very little munitions production

6. GREAT BRITAIN… The S. was looking for an add. adv.,
alliance w/ GB
(since GB industry was dependent on "King Cotton")...but GB was wary of events and did not want to become involved:
GB had stockpiled cotton as the conflict was escalating;
they had also found other sources (Madras, India)
most Br. workers who lost their jobs in cotton factories had been able to find work in the new munitions factories that were mostly supplying the N.
most Br. citizens resented slavery
Br. crop failures had led to increased grain trade w/ the N.

7. Rating the North & the South

8. Slave/Free States Population, 1861

9. Railroad Lines, 1860

10. Resources: North & the South

11. The Union & Confederacy in 1861

12. Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

13. Ohio Military Service

14. Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined

15. Immigrants as a % of a State’s Population in 1860

16. The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens

17. The Confederate “White House”

18. MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”
The Confederate Seal
MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”

19. A Northern View of Jeff Davis

20. Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy:
“Anaconda” Plan

21. The “Anaconda” Plan

22. George McClellan, Again!
Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Joseph Hooker
Ulysses S. Grant
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
George Meade
Ambrose Burnside
George McClellan, Again!

23. McClellan: I Can Do It All!

24. The Confederate Generals Nathan Bedford Forrest
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee

25. Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas) July, 1861

26. The Monitor vs. the Merrimac
The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862
The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

27. Damage on the Deck of the Monitor

28. Buy Your Way Out of Military Service

29. War in the East:

30. Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties

32. Old South will be destroyed and replaced with new values
Emancipation Proclamation
Frees all slaves in REBELLING states on January 1, 1863
Old South will be destroyed and replaced with new values

33. Why does Lincoln free slaves in South not the North?
Emancipation Proclamation
Why does Lincoln free slaves in South not the North?
Freeing slaves in South seen as military action
As Commander in Chief (head of military) Lincoln can take military actions
Can’t free slaves in north because of Constitution
Government can’t take property without due process

34. Does Lincoln have authority to make Emancipation Proclamation?No
Confederates created an independent nation
Lincoln has no more authority to pass laws in the CSA than he does to pass laws in Canada
Yes
US is fighting an internal civil war
Lincoln keeps authority over the south
If it is a civil war
European nations are not allowed to join the war
North should not blockade the South

35. 1 Emancipation Proclamation does NOT abolish ALL slavery in US
Why Not?
Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri might secede
Lincoln hoped Confederate states would stop fighting and return to the Union 1

36. Black Americans Join Up
Emancipation Proclamation also allows blacks into US Army
Fought under white commanders and had unequal pay and duties
Used them for support work
54th Massachusetts – Glory

39. Emancipation Proclamation
It freed the slaves only in states that have seceded from the Union.
It did not free slaves in border states.

40. Emancipation in 1863

41. The Emancipation Proclamation

42. The Southern View of Emancipation

43. African-American Recruiting Poster

44. The Famous 54th Massachusetts

45. August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shaw

46. African-Americans in Civil War Battles

47. Black Troops Freeing Slaves

49. Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress
1861 – Morrill Tariff Act
1862 – Homestead Act
1862 – Legal Tender Act
1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act
1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863)
1863 – Pacific Railway Act
1863 – National Bank Act

50. The War in the West, 1863:
Vicksburg

52. Gettysburg – turning point
Lee realized that the South was in dire straits and decided that it was crucial to attack the North on its own territory
July 1-3, BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, Pa.
Confed. bombardment; Union held firm
July 3, General Pickett led 15,000 Confed. Troops across open fields - Union mowed them down (= "Pickett’s Charge")
Lee was defeated and retreated to Virginia
Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere.
Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days It was the last time the South invaded the North.

53. Gettysburg Address
that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
Abe Lincoln

54. The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

55. Gettysburg Casualties

56. The North Initiates the Draft, 1863

57. Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC

58. Recruiting Blacks in NYC

59. NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

60. NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

61. A “Pogrom” Against Blacks

62. Inflation in the South

63. The Progress of War:

64. Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

65. 1864 Election
Pres. Lincoln (R)
George McClellan (D)

66. The Peace Movement: Copperheads
Clement Vallandigham

67. 1864 Copperhead Campaign Poster

68. Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads in 1864

69. Presidential Election Results: 1864

70. The Final Virginia Campaign: 1864-1865

71. Blacks in the Military
After the Emancipation Proclamation blacks began to join the Union Army
Initially they were only used for manual labor
Eventually, Blacks saw live combat
54th regiment out of Massachusetts
William Carney

72. The 54th Regiment attack on Fort Wagner, SC- July 18, 1863

73. April 3, 1865 - Grant took Richmond Va. - final blow to Lee's army
Lee surrenders on April 9, 1865 at APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE
All Confed. troops forced to take an oath of loyalty to U.S.
otherwise, terms of surrender were lenient
Lincoln didn't want a humiliated South and further conflict
issue of states' rights now "solved"- fed. gov't had asserted its status

74. After four bloody years of civil war,
the South was defeated.
On slide: Graphic.
Click 1: After four bloody years…
Click to next slide.

75. Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War.

76. POLITICAL / ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS
w/o Southerners in fed. gov't, many changes occurred that benefited the North:
1) Homestead Act passed by Congress in encouraged W. expansion w/o slavery
- 165 acres given to anyone who would farm it 5 yrs.
2) Union-Pacific Railway was authorized - great trade potential, focused on the Northern States.
3) Tariffs were put in place to protect Northern industry

77. 4) Congress established a single federal currency - same value in all states - known as "Greenbacks"
5) to cover war debts, Union gov't issued war bonds and intro'd income tax
6) in a further illustration of fed. gov't power, Lincoln's gov't restricted civil liberties so nothing would detract from Union war effort (suspended Habeas Corpus)
- free press/ speech also interrupted
7) 1864 Election - only in Union
- pitted Republican Lincoln against Democrat General McClellan  Lincoln won easily, assuring that war will continue (N. Democrats wanted an end)

78. EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR creation of a single unified country
abolition of slavery
increased power to fed. gov't – killed the issue of states rights
U.S. now an industrial nation
a stronger sense of nationalism
w. lands increasingly opened to settlement
South was economically and physically devastated, w/ the plantation system crippled...thus Reconstruction (rebuilding the U.S.) - but a deep hatred of the North remained...

79. Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865

80. Casualties on Both Sides

81. Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

82. Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

83. The Assassin
John Wilkes Booth

84. The Assassination

85. WANTED~~!!

86. Now He Belongs to the Ages!

87. The Execution