1. Unit 3: American Expansion
ESSAY #1
“What is the debate over American imperialism? Describe the three opinions”

2. American Expansion
Americans have always sought to EXPAND the size of their nation.
Throughout the 19th century they extended their control toward the PACIFIC Ocean.

3. Imperialism
Some American leaders wanted to join the Imperialist powers of EUROPE.
Imperialism =
STRONGER nations extend their ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, and MILITARY control of weaker territories.

4. Should America expand, colonize others? 3 Views or opinions

5. “YES!” The Imperialists Argument
Why ?
“God, Glory & Gold” – the 3-G’s
“God” = Send American MISSIONARIES to spread Christianity, and help
INDIGENOUS peoples adjust to the MODERN world
It is our God given duty to Christianize and Civilize “other” people

6. The 3-G’s for American Imperialism
“GLORY” =
It is America’s MANIFEST DESTINY to expand
“obvious FATE” because the USA is
SUPERIOR so it will dominate over
WEAKER, less CIVILIZED peoples
like S_____ D______

7. How does this famous painting from the early 1800’s illustrate “Manifest Destiny” ?

8. The 3-G’s for American Imperialism
GLORY =
NATIONALISM = Americans want to be equal to EUROPEAN Powers
“YELLOW JOURNALISM” = the media/NEWSPAPERS urge Americans to fight wars to build an American EMPIRE
Alfred MAHAN calls for US to build a great NAVY to expand & protect American trade

9. The 3-G’s for American Imperialism
GOLD =
Big Business wants international MARKETS to complete with
EUROPEANS
What does this poster say about why global trade is good?
Also, some Americans living abroad, like, HAWAII do not want to have to pay American
TARIFFS (taxes) in order to sell their goods in America

11. The 3-G’s for American Imperialism
Pres. Teddy Roosevelt
William R. Hearst, news publisher
Some notable Americans in favor of US expansion:
Pres. William McKinley

12. “NO !” the Anti-Imperialist Opinion
The USA is a DEMOCRACY, which stands for
LIBERTY, so how can we ever be an
EMPIRE ?
Cartoon: What is Uncle Sam doing ? Who are the others ?

13. “NO !” the Anti-Imperialist Opinion
Colonization of others is
WRONG
Also, you cannot spread DEMOCRACY
“Native” peoples must CREATE it,
on their own lands, in their own WAYS

14. “NO !” the Anti-Imperialist Opinion
Some notable Anti-Imperialists:
Mark Twain, author
Henry David Thoreau, poet
Andrew Carnegie, tycoon

15. The 3rd Opinion:“It’s OUR Land !”
Liliuokalani of Hawaii
Emilio Aguinaldo of Philippines
The INHABITANTS of those who live in countries where the US wants to expand
RESIST

16. The 3rd Opinion: “It’s OUR Land !”
Mexican-American War,

17. Mexican-American War US annexes TEXAS  Mexico disputes BORDER 
WAR with Mexico 
Treaty of GUADALUPE HIDALGO
Results =
US acquires land in Southwest U.S.

18. The 3rd Opinion:“It’s OUR Land !”
NATIVE AMERICAN Wars= Indians fight against US forces for decades.

19. NATIVE AMERICAN “Removal” =
Numerous tribes forced to RELOCATE
Indian REMOVAL Act = to reservations in the WEST.
The Cherokee Nation challenged removal in Supreme Court – WORCESTER v. GEORGIA (Cherokee win their case).

20. Native American “Removal”
1830 – Indian Removal Act

21. Cherokee win their case
But….
Pres. ANDREW JACKSON said, “The Supreme COURT has made its ruling – now let them ENFORCE it.”
Jackson orders FORCED removal of Cherokee = TRAIL of TEARS (Approx 4,000 died).
Results = Native American’s Resist

22. Interactive Notes Q&A’s Pg. 204-207
When were the battles of the Little Big Horn and Wounded Knee ?
Estimate the percentage of Indian land had been lost by 1894.
What did the Dawes Act try to do?

23. The 3rd Opinion:“It’s OUR Land !”
Defeated Indians must….
ASSIMILATE =
AMERICANIZE like the “Melting Pot” for immigrants
Indian kids go to boarding SCHOOLS
Required by DAWES Act

25. "This dramatic image of westward expansion is a study for a mural in the United States Capitol, one of the most ambitious statements of cultural nationalism during the mid-nineteenth century. Leutze combined pioneer men and women, mountain guides, wagons, and mules to suggest a divinely ordained pilgrimage to the Promised Land of the western frontier. In the border, medallion portraits of explorers Captain William Clark and Daniel Boone flank a vista of the San Francisco Bay -- the ultimate western destination. Above, a bald eagle holds a scroll on which is lettered Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way -- while Native Americans escape in a maze of winding plant tendrils."

26. Cherokee challenge removal in Supreme Court – Worcester v. Georgia
Cherokee tried to “fit into” modern society
They had written language & books, businesses, houses, deeds to their land, etc.
Also – they had guaranteed lands by treaty with U.S. govt.