1. World War II
in Europe

2. The Origins of World War Two
Hitler wanted revenge on France and Britain for Germany’s defeat in WWI. He also wanted to repair the damage in Germany due to economic problems from the Treaty of Versailles.
The League of Nations failed to stop Hitler as he built a large army, navy, and air force.
A MEETING OF INTERESTS British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, empire on his mind, “appeasing” Hitler in 1938.
The Policy of Appeasement
(granting concessions to an aggressor) by European Countries allowed Hitler to retake lands lost to Germany after WWI.

3. Explain this political cartoon from the 1930s

4. Hitler invades Poland in Sept. 1939 and
Timeline to War
Hitler helps fascist dictator Francisco Franco take over Spain
1936
Hitler annexes Austria and part of Czechoslovakia to Germany in
1938
Mussolini invades Ethiopia
1935
Hitler demands the Danzig from Poland but the Polish refuse to give up the territory.
Hitler makes a deal with Stalin to keep the USSR out of the war.
Hitler invades Poland in Sept and
WWII begins!

5. The War in Europe
Hitler decided to bomb London, and other cities, to try and overtake Britain.
Blitzkrieg: the use of planes, tanks, and motorized troop carriers to advance rapidly into enemy territory.
The Nazis over ran Poland, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, France, and much of North Africa by the end of 1940.
Winston Churchill (the British Prime Minister) gave speeches on the radio and in public to inspire the British people. Britain had also just invented the radar and was able to use this to help defend the country against air raids Hitler was unable to defeat Britain.
1940

7. Explain this map from 1942.

8. Germany Invades the Soviet Union Operation Barbarosa
The attack stalled in the cold winter. Tanks and trucks got stuck before they reached Moscow
Hitler looked down on other races/ethnicities, including the Russians.
Hitler launched a surprise attack on Russia
in Sept. 1941,
breaking the
Russo-German Pact.
The Soviets pushed the Germans back! But by the time of the German defeat at Stalingrad, Russia had lost 21 million people

10. Describe these political cartoons

11. The Holocaust: Attempted Genocide of the Jewish People
The Final Solution: Hitler decided to execute all European Jews under the cover of the war. Jews were marched out of towns, burned in camps, shot into graves they dug, or gassed in trucks or bunkers.
Human Toll: By the end of the war 6 million Jewish people had been murdered. Another 6 million gypsies, Slavs, political prisoners, elderly, and handicapped people were also killed.
Concentration Camps: Large work camps created for hard manual labor, torture, or immediate execution.
The largest was Auschwitz
Jewish leaders being march out of town to be executed
Sign at gate to Auschwitz that says “Work Makes Free”
Gestapo

12. The United States Enters the War
The Allies decide to focus on Germany before turning their full strength on Japan.
December 7, 1941
Japan attacks the US naval fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
The US joins Britain and the USSR (Allies) in the war against Germany, Italy, and Japan (Axis Powers).

13. The War in Europe Turns
The war turns in favor of the Allies. The USSR has more man power than Germany, and the USA has a larger manufacturing capability.
Sandwich Germany!
British and American forces push through France from the west, while Soviet forces advance through Poland from the east.
June 6, 1944 the Allies invade France (D-Day), landing on the beaches of Normandy.
This is the largest amphibious landing in military history.
Discovery Channel – Surviving D-Day

14. The War in Europe Turns
FDR and Churchill met in 1941, and again with Stalin in 1943 (Tehran) and 1945 (Yalta), to ensure that all the countries freed from Germany control would have self determination; and to discuss future disarmament.
Hitler refused to surrender as the Allies closed in on Berlin from both the East and the West. On April 30, 1945 Hitler killed himself in his protective bunker, and German military leaders had no other choice but to surrender.
At the Nuremberg Trials many Nazis were tried and convicted for their crimes. These trials revealed the Nazi use of concentration camps for slave labor, medical experiments on humans, forced starvation, and genocide.
Germany was ultimately divided into four separate zones of occupation by the Allies.
Churchill, FDR, and Stalin at the Yalta Conference1945

15. Bombed Church during WWII in Berlin, Germany

17. Did Hitler Have Children?
NO!
Not legitimately anyway
Married his girlfriend, Eva Braun, the day before he committed suicide.
However, he had an affair with a French girl during WWI, and on her death bed she confessed to her son who his biological father was.
His relatives continued to have
children, and there is a branch
of “Hitler” lineage in the US.
Jean-Marie Loret

18. WWII Propaganda

19. WWII Propaganda

20. World War II
in Asia

21. Japan Japan is a series of islands off the coast of China.
Japan became an industrialized nation in the latter part of the 19th Century.
Surrounded by water, therefore they built a strong Navy and Air Force.

22. Japanese Hostilities
Japan needed raw materials and markets for their industries.
They also wanted to replace European dominance in Asia with an Asian dominance.
Militarism began influencing national policy during the 1930s.
1931 Japan invaded Manchuria.
1937 it invaded the rest of China.
How is Japan in the 20th century similar to the European powers of the 18th and 19th centuries?

23. Japan in WWII
Japan saw the war in Europe as a distraction that would allow them to take over Asia.
When the U.S. threatened to blockade Japanese oil shipments, unless they give up their conquests, Japan attacked the U.S.
Japan hoped for a short war that would end with a treaty that would give them control of East Asia.
Prime Minister of Japan, Hideki Tojo, officially ordered the attack on the
United States.

24. The War in Asia and the Pacific 1941-1943
Pearl Harbor 1941
Japan launched a surprise attack on the US Pacific naval fleet stationed at
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on
December 7, 1941
around 7:50am.
The War in Asia and the Pacific
The war lasted much longer than Japan had hoped. However, Japan won many early victories. They invaded the Philippines, Hong Kong, Borneo, the Solomon Islands, Java, and Singapore.
USS West Virginia
The Tide Turns Against Japan
By 1943 the US’s naval superiority began to show. After winning the Battle of Midway the US began “Island hopping” across the Pacific, forcing Japan to retreat back toward home.
After Germany’s defeat in Europe the US turned its full force on Japan.

25. Battle of Iwo Jima
Operation Detachment

26. Battle Of Iwo Jima 1945 Feb 19 – March 26
The USA wanted to capture the island in order to set up strategic airfields in order to attack the main islands of Japan.
Some of the bloodiest fighting of WWII in the Pacific.
-Rifles
-Flamethrowers
Boy of H Company, Iwo Jima Documentary
After 36 days, Americans were able to overwhelm the Japanese.
Considered a heroic victory for the Americans, even though there were high casualties.
Deaths: USA ~6, Japan ~18,300

27. The Atomic Bomb 1945
Albert Einstein played a key role in encouraging the bomb.
Developed by Robert Oppenheimer.
He feared that the Nazis were building a bomb so he encouraged the US to develop one.
The “Manhattan Project” developed the bomb in New Mexico.
On August 6, 1945 the US dropped the bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
3 days later (on Miss B’s birthday) another bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki.
After this the Japanese surrendered.
Why would the US use such a devastating weapon?

28. The Occupation of Japan 1945-52
General Douglas McArthur was assigned the task of
re-building Japan.
Japan became less imperialistic and less aggressive.
Japan lost its overseas holdings.
Japan lost its army and navy.
Military leaders were punished.
Japan became a democratic republic.
General Douglas McArthur with Japanese Emperor Hirohito.
PM Tojo was tried for war crimes and hanged to death by the Japanese in 1948.

29. The Global Impact of WWII
As many as 70 million people died in the war.
The cities of Europe and Asia were destroyed and lay in ruins.
Germany, Italy, and Japan were occupied by foreign troops.
The war cost (conflicting reports)
(2005, All) $ 2 trillion  $11.3 trillion
(2005, US) $341 billion  +$3,580 trillion
(2010, US) $296 billion  $4,104 billion
Berlin after World War II
Compare Europe after WWI to Europe after WWII

30. The United Nations
Purpose: maintain peace in the world and encourage friendship among nations
General Assembly: All nations; not an option to be in the UN.
Security Council: leading nations that are responsible for ensuring peace and deterring aggression
How affective has the UN been in recent years?