1. International University of Japan
Introduction
Hun Myoung Park, Ph.D.,
Public Management and Policy Analysis Program
Graduate School of International Relations
International University of Japan

2. 2
Information Systems
“A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store, and disseminate data and information.”
Manual information systems
Computerized information systems

3. 3
Components of IS 1
Technological components: hardware, software, and telecommunication
Organizational components: data/information, people, rules/procedures
An information system is not simply a set of computer hardware (physical equipment) and software
Telecommunications (Network): connectivity

4. 4
Components of IS 2
Data and information (database) are essential since an information system is all about data and information.
People operate and use the systems
Procedures/rules to use systems and perform tasks. Formal and informal

5. Basic Functions of IS Input gathers and captures raw data5
Basic Functions of IS
Input gathers and captures raw data
Process converts or transforms data into useful output (information)
Output produces documents or reports of what was processed
Feedback is information from the system and is used to make changes to input or process in the system

6. Data versus Information6
Data versus Information
Data: raw facts
Information: facts organized and processed to have specific meaning and values

7. Type of Data Text data: letters, numbers, and other characters7
Type of Data
Text data: letters, numbers, and other characters
Image data: graphic images and pictures
Audio data: sounds (music & speech) and noise
Video data: moving images and pictures

8. 8
Valuable Information
“To deliver the right information to the right person at the right time” (p.3)
Accurate, relevant, and complete
Reliable and verifiable
Timely and accessible (the right format)
Simple (Well organized)
Flexible and secure
Economical (Table 1.2 in p. 7)

9. Five Basic Units 1 Input, output, control, ALU, and memory9
Five Basic Units 1
Input, output, control, ALU, and memory
Input unit reads data for processing
Output unit displays processed data
Control unit decodes instructions coordinate flow of data in and out of ALU, register, memory, etc.

10. Five Basic Units 2 ALU (arithmetic and logic unit) processes data10
Five Basic Units 2
ALU (arithmetic and logic unit) processes data
Memory unit : primary (volatile) and secondary (nonvolatile) memory to store data and information
* System unit = Control + ALU+ Memory

11. Specific Information Systems11
Specific Information Systems
Electronic government, M-government
Electronic commerce, M-commerce
Transaction processing systems (TPS)
Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
Management information systems (MIS), PMIS
Decision support systems (DSS)
Knowledge management systems (KMS)
Artificial intelligence, expert systems

12. 12
Major Trends in IS 1
Interactivity (Web 2.0) allows users to get an immediate responses
Connectivity connects computers, telephones, and other electronic devices.

13. 13
Major Trends in IS 2
Digital convergence means technological merger of several industries through various devices that exchange information in the digital format used in computers.
“The same information may be exchanged among many kinds of equipment, using the language of computers” (Hutchinson & Sawyer: 2000:1.24)

14. Major Trends in IS 3 Software dominates hardware14
Major Trends in IS 3
Software dominates hardware
Network based computing (cloud computing)

15. Why Publicness? Environmental factors Legal constraints15
Why Publicness?
Environmental factors
Legal constraints
Political influence
Scrutiny
Complexity of objectives (ambiguous goals)
Fewer incentives for performance
All these make difference

16. Public Information Systems16
Public Information Systems
More emphasis on openness, accountability, representativeness, equity
More limited by environments (politics)
External & vertical linkages
Support a variety of people without discrimination (no digital inequality)
Incremental approach (Bozeman and Bretschneider, 1986)

17. References
Stair and Reynolds Principles of information systems, 12th ed. Cengage Learning.
Morley and Parker Understanding computers, 15th ed. Cengage Learning.
Hutchinson and Sawyer Computers, Communications, and Information, 7th ed. Irwin/McGraw-Hill