1. Valitse pohja temaattisen ohjelman mukaan:
Pohjoinen vihreä biotalous
Innovatiivinen elintarvikeketju
Sininen biotalous
Kestävä luonnonvaratalous yhteiskunnassa
Mikäli kyse on temaattiseen ohjelmaan kuulumattomasta toiminnasta käytetään turkoosia tai oranssia.
Jos asiantuntija- ja viranomaispalveluista käytetään harmaata pohjaa.
Turkoosi ja oranssi ovat Luken päävärejä ja niitä saa käyttää aina ja esimerkiksi temaattisen ohjelman värin ohella.
Inventories of agricultural ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient balances – Experiences from Finland
Pasi Mattila
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)
Statistical services
Joint workshop of AES WG and DG CLIMA WG 1
Eurostat, Luxembourg,

2. Production of emission inventories and nutrient balances in Finland
NH3 emissions
Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE)
UNECE / CLRTAP
GHG emissions
- agriculture: Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)
- national GHG inventory: Statistics Finland
UNFCCC EU
Nutrient balances (N and P)
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) EU
OECD
Pasi Mattila

3. Basic data Inputs (balance)
Number of animals x Nutrient excretion coefficients → Nutrients excreted by animals
Fertilizer sales → Nutrients in fertilizers
Nutrients in seeds, deposition, organic fertilizers, biological N fixation, crop residues (not always included)
Outputs (balance)
Crop yield x Nutrient concentrations
→ Nutrients in harvested crops
Harvested crop residues (straw)
Burnt crop residues
Pasi Mattila

4. Using the basic data
Multiple use of basic data (e.g. nutrients in fertilizers, excretion of nutrients by animals)
Different uses of the data should be considered in its production
Structure and content of data is often determined by other (e.g. administrative) needs
Sythesis of data from various sources (research, monitorings, statistics) is demanding and laborious:
Differences in many details → conformity and comparability of data from different sources?
Availability of data in the future?
Pasi Mattila

5. Aspects of estimating emissions
Development of modelling → new parameters/functions included
- Verification?
- Basic data for past years/regions not always available
Large annual variation in crop yields and their nutrient concentration → annual estimates uncertain
Long-term estimates more reliable, if coefficients and default values correspond to real long-term averages
What is the appropriate time scale for updating coefficients and parameters?
Significance of extreme/exceptional conditions? E.g. can a single occasion of extreme weather conditions have a significant effect on real long-term averages?
Pasi Mattila

6. Nutrient excretion of animals and emissions from manure
Excretion coefficients are based on feeding recommendations. Correspondence with practical feeding on farms?
Large differences between countries in the methods used to estimate excretion → harmonization needed to produce comparable excretion data
Data on manure management needed
Pasi Mattila

7. Fertilizer use
Data collected from companies that produce and import fertilizers. No farm surveys on fertilizer use.
Definition of agricultural fertilizers according to trade labels
Use of fertilizers on individual crops: real use often lower than recommendations (especially on grassland)
Period of observation: Crop year or calendar year?
Nutrient balance: crop year logical (input and output of nutrients for a single harvest)
Administrative needs: usually calendar year (e.g. emission inventories)
Pasi Mattila

8. Fertilizer use National estimates more precise than regional ones
A single fertilizer dealer may sell to several regions
Changes in dealer network
Manure may be transported between regions (as manure or as processed products)
Structure and diversity of an activity important, for example:
Potato juice from starch production used as fertiliser
Just a few starch factories → data relatively easy to process
Used on farms close to the factories
Biogas production and composting plants
Many operations in many locations, large and small scale → data laborious to process
Pasi Mattila

9. Developments in the future
Development and revision of calculation/models should focus on parts that have
a large effect on final results
large uncertainty
new practices/technology
new knowledge from research
New fertilizer products from recycled materials (other than manure) should be included, if used to a large extent
Development should be continuous -> More resources needed
Instructions for different inventories should be compiled together into a clear and consistent set
Pasi Mattila

10. Development activities in Finland
Research on nutrient excretion of animals:
Development of a tool to produce manure data for multiple uses: Finnish Normative Manure System
Pasi Mattila

11. Challenges in the development of methods/models for emission inventories
How to quickly adapt the latest results from research?
Often no resources to calibrate them for different regions and conditions
How to identify research results that make a significant change to the calculation of emissions
How to coordinate the development of models/methods while there are several users that use them for different purposes (various adjustments of a method)?
GHG inventory has a defined procedure for introducing changes to the methods
Pasi Mattila

12. In the future:
Automatic transfer of electronic data from various sources: farms, enterprises, administration, monitoring of the environment
Requires:
interfaces for data transfer
need for standards to enable communication between different systems
Pasi Mattila

13. Pasi Mattila

14. Teppo Tutkija