1. Respiratory System

2. The Respiratory System
Cells need oxygen, they get it from breathing
The respiratory system moves oxygen from the outside
environment into the body.
It also removes carbon dioxide
and water from the body.

3. Taking In Oxygen
Oxygen is needed for the energy- releasing chemical reactions
that take place inside your cells
Respiration- The process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions
inside cells
Breathing- inhaling and exhaling

4. Respiration
Glucose + Oxygen  Water + CO2

5. - The Respiratory System
Fueling Your Body

6. The Respiratory System

7. The Path of Air As air travels from the outside environment
to the lungs, it passes through the following structures: nose, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi.
The Nose- lined with mucus to trap dust, etc.
- Cilia- tiny hair-like extensions that can move together in a sweeping motion.
- Sneezing- Small particles irritate lining of nose, forceful sneeze clears them out.

8. The Path of Air The Pharynx- the throat.
The Trachea- the windpipe. Has ridges around it, made of cartilage to keep wind pipe open. Lined with cilia and mucus. If food enters the trachea, you choke.
The Bronchi- tubes that connect trachea to lungs.

9. The Path of Air Gas Exchange
The Lungs- main organs of the respiratory system.
Alveoli- grape-like structures in the lungs where gas exchange happens. Increase surface area in lungs.
Gas Exchange
After air enters alveolus, oxygen passes through the wall of the alveolus and then through the capillary wall into the blood.
Carbon dioxide and water pass from the blood into the alveoli, then leave the body.

10. - The Respiratory System
Gas Exchange

11. How You Breathe In an average day, you may breathe over 20,000 times.
Breathing is controlled by muscles.
Diaphragm- dome-shaped muscle that helps you breathe.
Muscles of rib cage also help you breathe.

12. - The Respiratory System
How You Breathe

13. Breathing and Speaking
Larynx- voice box
Vocal Cords- stretch across larynx and vibrate to make sounds.

14. Chemicals in Tobacco Smoke
Tar- dark, sticky substance that forms when tobacco burns.
- Sticks to cilia and causes them not to function, also causes cancer
Carbon Monoxide- released when tobacco burns.
- Clings to hemoglobin and reduces oxygen delivered to cells
- Smokers have higher respiration rates to get oxygen required by body

15. Chemicals in Tobacco Smoke
Nicotine- found in tobacco
- stimulant that speeds up nervous system and heart rate
Smokers get addicted to nicotine

16. Health Problems & Smoking
Smokers are at high risk of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, and atherosclerosis
Bronchitis- inflammation of bronchioles, makes breathing difficult
Emphysema- destroys lung tissue and makes breathing difficult, not enough oxygen delivered to cells, sufferers are short of breath

17. Health Problems & Smoking
Lung Cancer- kills about 140,000 smokers a year
- tumors take up surface area in lungs, makes breathing harder and less efficient
Atherosclerosis- chemicals from lungs enter circulatory system and destroy blood vessels
- smokers are 2 times more likely to have heart attacks than non smokers

18. Health Problems & Smoking
- Smoking and Your Health
Health Problems & Smoking