1. The Middle Ages
The Middle Ages Packet

2. Middle Ages – the period of European history from 500 A.D. to 1500.
Also known as the Dark Ages, it began as the Roman Empire fell.
Germanic Tribes – five tribes of barbarians that governed Europe.
Visigoths
Vandals
Ostrogoths
Saxons
Franks

3. Vikings – fierce warriors from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.
Attacked Europe for several centuries starting in A.D.
Plunder – goods taken by force.
The Vikings explored North America before Christopher Columbus.

4. During the 900’s the Church revives European culture.
The Roman Catholic Church becomes the authority over the land.
Tithe – a tax collected from the church.
Became the center for education and social life.
Wrote laws and created hospitals.
Built Gothic and Romanesque Cathedrals

5. Romanesque

6. Romanesque

7. Gothic

8. gothic

9. gothic

10. Gothic

11. Feudalism – a system of loyalties and protections.
People gave up the ownership of their land for protection from Vikings and Germanic Tribes.
Serf – people that lived and worked the land belonging to the nobles or the Church.
Serfs gave loyalty, farm labor, and military service to the nobles.

12. The Crusades – holy wars fought between European Christians and Middle Eastern Turks.
Pope Urban II calls for Christians to take back Jerusalem
4 main Crusades between – 1291
Christians fail to retake and hold Jerusalem

13. Reconquista – the effort by the Christians to drive Muslims from Spain.
Inquisition – the Roman Catholic court held to conclude heresy in Europe, especially Spain.

14. Effects of the Crusades
1. Increased trade exposed Europeans to: Silk, spices, mathematics, engineering, shipbuilding, printing. 2. Women able to manage estates, shops, and other duties. 3. Power begins to shift from the church to the monarchy. 4. Prejudice and intolerance between Muslims and Christians that still exists today.

15. Results of the Plague
The Black Death – known as the Bubonic Plague or Black Plague killed ½ of the population of Europe.
Reduction of population meant that survivors skills were in great need.
Serfs fought for better treatment.
Feudalism begins to fall apart
The Catholic Church loses more power among the people.