1. Specimen Collection And Laboratory Procedures
Review Chapter 15
Specimen Collection And Laboratory Procedures

2. Review Where is your first choice for a venipuncture method?
Antecubital area
List the three vein used most often in the antecubital area?
Median cubital vein
Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
Name the three methods for venipunctures
Vacuum, syringe, butterfly(winged)
How far should you insert the needle for a vaccum venipunture?
No more than a ½ inch into the arm
What degree is a butterfly needle inserted?
10 to 15 degree
When using a butterfly needle you will see what(you will know you are in the vein)?
A “flash” of blood
This is a localized collection of blood within the tissues?
Hematoma

3. Review What are the objective on the microscope?
Is the optical element that gathers light from the object,  there are three or four small lenses
To obtain greater detail in viewing a specimen through a microscope, you should?
Turn the nosepiece to a higher power
What is the name of the needle used for a capillary stick(finger/heel stick)?
Lancet
What two fingers should be used for capillary punctures?
Ring or middle finger(non-dominant hand first)
A tourniquet should be placed where on the arm?
Three inches above the elbow
Never leave a tourniquet on longer than?
One minute

4. Review Define hemolysis? Breakdown of red blood cells
Give some examples of why hemolysis could happen?
Prolonged tourniquet time, cleansing the venipuncture site with alcohol and not allowing the site to dry, pulling the plunger of a syringe back too fast, vigorous mixing or shaking of a specimen, having the patient pump their hand

5. Review
It is critical that the what be pushed back into place before beginning the phlebotomy procedure with a syringe draw?
Plunger, to avoid air into the vein
What are gauge sizes for a venipuncture needles?
21 or 22 gauge
What is added to a collection tube that will prevent a clot from being formed?
Anticoagulant

6. Review What is a waived test?
Moderately complex tests, which medical assistants can do(rapid strep's, UA)
What is a non-waived tests?
complex tests with multiple steps(HIV)
What is CLIA
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments: Law passed in 1988, establishing

7. Review What is hemoglobin?
Is the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs
What is the normal hemoglobin range for females?
12 to 16 g/dl
What is the normal hemoglobin range for males?
14 to 18 g/dl
What is hematocrit?
This is a simple yet reliable test to measure the percent volume of red blood cells per volume of whole blood
When performing a hematocrit, you should hold the tube how, and fill the tube how much?
Horizontally(avoid air bubbles) , fill three-fourths full
What is a hematocrit screening test done for?
Anemia

8. Review What is an ERS? Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate or sed rate
What is the normal fasting blood sugar level?
70 to 120 mg/dl
What is DM?
Diabetes mellitus
What is an Hemoglobin A1C test?
This is an important blood test used to determine how well your diabetes is being controlled, over a three month period
What is a normal total cholesterol level?
130 to 200 mg/dl
What is your good cholesterol
HDL
What is your bad cholesterol?
LDL
What is triglycerides
These are fats carried in the blood from the food we eat(part of a cholesterol panel)

9. Review What are the three main reason for performing a urinalysis?
Screening for urine glucose, diagnosis of suspected disease(bacteria UTI), or monitoring the course of treatment (UTI antibiotics)
What are the three physical assessments of a urinalysis?
Color, odor, and turbidity(clarity)
The second step in a urinalysis?
Chemical reagent strips
This is the part of the chemical(strip)exam of the urinalysis that shows positive for sugar?
Glucose
After centrifuging(spinning down) the urine, what should you do next?
Pour the supernatant(urine) and place the sediment on the slide with a cover slip

10. Review
This is the centrifuged deposit of a urinalysis suitable for microscopic examination for the presence of erythrocytes(RBC), leukocytes(WBC), casts, crystals, bacteria, fungi, parasites, mucous, and sperm(males)?
Urine sediment
 This is a test that uses a cotton swab (similar to a Q-tip) is quickly rubbed over both tonsils as well as the back wall of the mouth (the posterior pharynx)?
Group A strep test

11. Review
What is the name of the screening test done on infants at birth and two weeks for genetic testing?
Newborn screening
Define polyuria?
Excessive urine
Define dysuria
Painful urine
The medical term for blood in urine
Hematuria
This hormones is produced during pregnancy?
HCG(human chorionic gonadotropin)