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Representing Nature, Picturing Machines

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Presentation on theme: "Representing Nature, Picturing Machines"— Presentation transcript:

1 Representing Nature, Picturing Machines

2 The Renaissance Printing Press
1568

3 Books in the Bodleian, Oxford

4 Printing Images “The printing of pictures, however, unlike the printing of words from movable types, brought a completely new thing into existence – it made possible for the first time pictorial statements of a kind that could be exactly repeated during the effective life of the printing surface. This exact repetition of pictorial statements has had incalculable effects upon knowledge and thought, upon science and technology of every kind. It is hardly too much to say that since the invention of writing there has been no more important invention than that of the exactly repeatable pictorial statement.” William M. Ivins, Jr., Prints and Visual Communication, p. 3

5 The Power of Print First Printed Image of a Press, 1499

6 Pliny’s warning “Pictures, however, are very apt to mislead, and more particularly when such a number of tints is required for the imitation of nature with any success; in addition to which, the diversity of copyists from the original paintings, and their comparative degree of skill, add very considerably to the chances of losing the necessary degree of resemblance to the originals.” Pliny the Elder, Natural History IV.25

7 Techniques of Illustration
Woodcuts Etchings Copperplate Engravings

8 Printing Machines Robert Valturius’s Art of War (1472)

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10 Representing Nature The Garden of Health (1485)

11 Daffodil and Lily

12 Diagramming the Heavens Sacrobosco’s Sphere (1485)

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14 Sacrobosco in manuscript, 15th century

15 Sacrobosco, Venice 1501 edition

16 Depicting the Body Mondino’s Anatomy (1493 edition)

17 Leonhart Fuchs History of Plants (1542)

18 Black and White or Color?

19 Albrecht Durer’s rhinoceros, 1515

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21 1543: Vesalius and Copernicus

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24 Agostino Ramelli’s Bookwheel, 1588

25 Johannes Stradanus, Nova Reperta, ca. 1600

26 Printing

27 Copperplate engraving

28 Controlling Print: Tycho and Kepler


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