1. Biochemistry Organic Compounds
anything that is made up of the element carbon (except CO2)
O, N, and H are also present
Inorganic Compounds
Not made up of carbon
WATER is most common example

2. Four Groups of Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates
made up of C,H,O
2:1 ratio of H:O
Source of energy
Include sugars and starches

3. Three Types of Sugars:
Monosaccharides (mono)- “simple” sugars like glucose and fructose
Disaccharides (di)- two mono sugars bonded together like lactose
Polysaccharides (poly)- complex sugars like starch, cellulose and glycogen

4. Break Down or Build Up? Dehydration Synthesis (Build)
Simple + simple = complex
Monomer + monomer= dimer + dimer= polymer
Forms WATER as a product
General Example
blah+blah  blah + Water
Specific Example
Mono + mono  di. + Water

5. Hydrolysis (water/breakdown)
complex= simple + simple
Polymer= monomer+ monomer
Uses Water as a reactant
General Example
Blah + water  blah + blah
Specific Example
Di. + water  mono. + mono

6. Opposites

7. 2. Lipids Include fats, oils, and waxes C,H,O Stored energy
Really big molecules (Billy Fuccillo)

8. Good Fat or Bad?
A. Saturated fat (bad)- single bonds between carbon atoms
B. unsaturated fat (good)- double bonds between carbon atoms

9. 3. Nucleic Acids Contain O,H,C,P,N Related to Genetics Two Types:
a. DNA
b. RNA
Structure of a nucleic acid:

10. 4. Proteins
Contain O,H,C,N
Found in cells & tissues (hair, fingernails)
Made up of amino acids
Structure of an amino acid:

11. What’s a protein look like?
aa-aa-aa-aa-aa-aa-aa-aa-aa-aa
Smallest protein is 49 amino acids long

12. Enzymes Speed up/ slow down reactions
Have specific shapes that “fit” other molecules
Help break things down and build them up

13. Sometimes Enzymes Work, Sometimes They Don’t
Enzyme activity