1. Electronic voting – safe or not?
Kaspar Tilk

2. Electronic voting E-Voting (physical machines) Remote e-Voting or
I-voting(Internet voting)

3. Percentage of votes cast using i-voting
1.9% - Local Elections 2005
5.5% - Parliamentary Elections 2007
14.7% - European Parliament Elections 2009
15.8% - Local Elections 2009
24,3% - Parliamentary Elections 2011
31,4% - European Parliament Elections 2014
30,5% - Parliamentary Elections 2015

4. Voting machine for e-voting
Defining ballots
Casting and counting votes
Reporting election results
Producing audit trail information

5. Drawbacks of voting machines
Poorly programmed
Vulnerable to malicious code
Self-spreading malware
Weak encryption – same key for all
Cannot check if vote is recorded
Patching one flaw could produce another

6. Examples of problems
4438 of votes lost by North Carolina’s electronic voting machines
232 unconfirmed votes in Finland
197 votes erased from database due to a security flaw in California
Graduate students from the University of Michigan hacked into the online voting systems

7. Remote e-voting or Internet voting
Database could be attacked from all over the world
Malware in voters device
Trojans in central servers
Physical access to servers

8. Examples of problems in Estonia

9. Secure or not? Never too secure As secure as possible
No voting machine = no problem?